Hannah Dawson, editor of The Penguin Book of Feminist Writing, discusses Mary Wollstonecraft's book 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'. They explore her beliefs on education, independence, and the patriarchy, as well as her personal struggles. The chapter also delves into Wollstonecraft's life, her works on women's rights and freedom, and her perspectives on education and self-government. They discuss the theory of arbitrary power and its relation to unfreedom, Wollstonecraft's philosophy on liberty and equality, and her views on deconstructing sex and gender.
Mary Wollstonecraft's personal struggles shaped her philosophy, highlighting the importance of acknowledging her as a philosopher in her own right.
Wollstonecraft argued for a total reformation of society based on freedom and equality, advocating for women's rights and an egalitarian society.
Deep dives
Mary Wollstonecraft's Extraordinary Life
Mary Wollstonecraft, a founding mother of feminist philosophy, had an extraordinary life filled with dramatic events and personal tragedies. Born into a patriarchal household with a feckless father, she experienced financial ruin and a lack of education, which shaped her philosophy. Wollstonecraft sought independence and set up a school with her sister, but it failed. She had tumultuous relationships, including an unfaithful lover and a tumultuous marriage. Despite the personal challenges she faced, it is important to acknowledge her as a philosopher in her own right and not reduce her to her circumstances.
The Vindication of the Rights of Women
Mary Wollstonecraft's significant work, 'The Vindication of the Rights of Women,' was a response to Edmund Burke's reflections on the French Revolution. Wollstonecraft argued for a total reformation of society based on freedom and equality. She called for women's rights, emphasizing that women, like men, should have the freedom to govern themselves through reason. Wollstonecraft linked women's subjection to arbitrary power with the effects of unfreedom, such as degradation and the construction of selves focused on superficiality. She advocated for an egalitarian society that recognized the interplay between liberty, equality, and virtue.
Freedom and the Deconstruction of Gender
Mary Wollstonecraft's work explored the relationship between freedom and gender. She deconstructed the societal constructs of sex and gender, emphasizing that the differences between men and women were shaped by corrupt civilization and restricted opportunities for women's education and physical movement. Wollstonecraft believed that men and women shared the capacity for reason and opposed the idea that women's minds were naturally weak. She argued that empowering women's reason and body freedom would blur the distinction between the sexes and lead to a more equitable society. Wollstonecraft's work foreshadowed later feminist movements' aims to deconstruct gender and liberate women from oppressive structures.
In this episode of the Philosophy Bites podcast Nigel Warburton interviews Hannah Dawson (editor of The Penguin Book of Feminist Writing) on Mary Wollstonecraft and her book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792).
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