Brian Retford, CEO of RiscZero, and Justin Drake discuss the creation of zkEVM for Ethereum with low compute requirements, potential implications for Ethereum's future, snarks and data availability sampling to remove computation bottleneck, RISC-V as an instruction set architecture, performance optimization of zkEVM, and risks and security considerations in the ZK roll-up space.
Snarkifying the Ethereum ecosystem can significantly scale Ethereum faster than anticipated, increasing gas limits and enabling a virtually limitless and free compute model.
Risk Zero's project, ZETH, aims to build a type 1 ZK EVM that adheres to the original Ethereum specification, without compromising any functionalities and leveraging Rust-based EVM implementation called Reth.
Ongoing advancements in snarkification hold a bright future for Ethereum, with considerations for security audits, reducing proof latency, enhancing hardware acceleration, and leveraging existing architectures like RISC-V.
Deep dives
Advancing Ethereum through Snarkification
The podcast episode delves into the concept of snarkifying the Ethereum ecosystem. It explains that snarkification involves using cryptographic breakthroughs like ZK snarks to scale Ethereum faster than anticipated. The conversation explores the potential of snarkifying the EVM and the implications it has for scalability, including increasing the gas limit and enabling a virtually limitless and free compute model for Ethereum. By snarkifying the EVM, the requirements for validators can be reduced, allowing for validation from devices as small as smartwatches. The episode also highlights the promise of enshrined rollups, which could convert optimistic rollups to ZK rollups and pave the way for multi-threaded EVMs. The conversation emphasizes that snarkification accelerates scalability in blockchains and holds immense potential for future innovations and applications.
Type 1 ZK EVM and Risk Zero's Contribution
The episode introduces Risk Zero and their project, ZETH, which aims to build a type 1 ZK EVM. It explains that a type 1 ZK EVM adheres to the original Ethereum specification without compromising any of its functionalities. Unlike other zkEVM implementations, it does not make optimizations that deviate from the Ethereum standard. The conversation highlights that Risk Zero's approach involves leveraging Rust-based EVM implementation called Reth. This choice was made for its formal specification and the ability to ensure compliance with the Ethereum standard. The podcast also discusses the importance of security considerations in ZK rollups, acknowledging potential vulnerabilities and the need for audits and mitigations. It concludes by mentioning Risk Zero's focus on performance optimization, such as shrinking the hardware requirements for proving systems and exploring hardware acceleration to enhance scalability.
Complexity, Security, and Challenges Ahead
The podcast delves into the challenges and considerations associated with type 1 ZK EVMs and the overall snarkification process. It emphasizes the importance of security audits and highlights the potential risks of multi-billion dollar hacks in the ZK rollup space. The conversation acknowledges that while the performance and capability of ZK technology are increasing rapidly, there is still work to be done in reducing proof latency and further enhancing hardware acceleration. The episode also underscores the significance of leveraging existing architectures like RISC-V to benefit from established security practices and highlights the potential contributions of the blockchain space to compiler security. The discussion concludes by emphasizing the ongoing advancements in snarkification and the bright future it holds for Ethereum.
Building a General-Purpose ZK EVM
Risk-zero started with the idea of building general-purpose zero-knowledge (ZK) capabilities, not just for the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), but for any computation. They have developed the ZKVM, which is based on the RISC-V instruction set architecture. This allows for the ZK proving of any program that can run on a normal processor. Through leveraging open-source software and existing work in the RISC-V community, Risk-zero has created a performant ZKVM that reduces the need for massive ZK proving rigs.
Bonsai ZK Application Development Platform
Risk-zero's focus is on developing the Bonsai ZK application development platform. Bonsai enables developers to run complex logic off-chain and then attest to it on-chain using ZK proofs. This platform has applications for layer 2 solutions, roll-up frameworks, DeFi projects, and gaming. By utilizing ZK proofs, Bonsai aims to decentralize infrastructure for various applications, helping to eliminate reliance on centralized entities like Amazon, Microsoft, or Google. The long-term vision includes a decentralized network for application developers and the establishment of a proof marketplace for ZK tasks.
Joining us today for this deeply technical conversation is RiscZero CEO Brian Retford and Justin Drake. RiscZero is attempting to create a zkEVM for Ethereum that will require such low compute requirements that validators could be run on smart watches and mobile phones.
Moderated by Justin Drake, we take a look at the implications this tech can have on the future of Ethereum. ----- 🏹 Airdrop Hunter is HERE, join your first HUNT today https://bankless.cc/JoinYourFirstHUNT ------ 📣 SAFE CORE | Smart Wallet Infrastructure https://safe.global/core ------ BANKLESS SPONSOR TOOLS:
----- TIMESTAMPS 0:00 Intro 7:47 Validator On Your Smartwatch 12:16 Bandwith Requirements 15:00 Implications for mainnet scaling 18:57 Is This Our Multi-Core Moment? 21:35 What is RiscZero? 27:57 Why Build a zkEVM? 32:00 TLDR Summary 35:42 The 3 Steps To Snarks 41:40 Performance Unlocks 43:59 How close are we to all this? 51:54 How Secure is This? 57:34 Licensing this Tech 59:59 RiscZero Business Model? 1:03:53 What’s Next on The Roadmap? 1:06:15 Core Values of RiscZero 1:07:54 How Does Ethereum Look in 5 Years?