Bribes, Foxes, and Moral Legitimacy-- a talk with Italo Pardo
May 9, 2023
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Anthropologist Italo Pardo discusses the interplay between legality, legitimacy, and morality in corruption. Examples include Italy's bribesville scandal, the UK's National Health Service, and ethnographic research with fox hunters. Surprisingly, British anti-corruption efforts lack legislation. The podcast explores challenges faced by entrepreneurs, the perceived illegitimate corruption involving the Labour Party and fox hunting, and the fallout of corruption scandals on trust in democratic institutions.
Anthropology provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between legality, legitimacy, and morality in the study of corruption.
Public trust is eroded when corruption is shielded by legality but remains morally questionable, highlighting the importance of considering moral principles and grassroots definitions of legitimacy in legislation against corruption.
Deep dives
Anthropology's Contribution to Studying Corruption
Anthropology offers valuable insights into the study of corruption by its in-depth and context-specific approach. The discipline allows researchers to challenge assumptions and examine the complex relationship between morality, legitimacy, and legality. While corruption can be elusive and challenging to study, anthropologists can collect first-hand material and understand corrupt practices through participant observation and the analysis of official reports and personal testimonies. Anthropologists focus on how people talk about corruption and their role in corrupt acts, shedding light on both the social and ethical dimensions of corruption.
The Evolution of Dr. Italo Pardo's Interest in Corruption
Dr. Italo Pardo's interest in studying corruption emerged during his ethnographic research in Naples in the mid-1980s. Through his exploration of the nuanced relationship between legality, illegality, and crime, he began to understand the interaction between morality and action. His work on corruption expanded when he encountered cases of corruption within local administration during his research on socialism in Naples. At that time, few anthropologists were studying corruption, but Dr. Pardo, in collaboration with other colleagues, organized seminars and published volumes on the legitimacy, morality, and law within corrupt practices. Since then, the field of anthropological corruption studies has gained momentum and grown significantly.
Legitimacy, Morality, and the Complexity of Corruption
Dr. Italo Pardo emphasizes the importance of legitimacy and morality in the understanding of corruption. Legality alone does not define corruption as moral principles also play a crucial role. The production of effective legislation must take into account the moral expectations and definitions of legitimacy at the grassroots level. Dr. Pardo highlights cases where legal actions are seen as unethical or illegitimate by the public due to the damage they cause or the circumvention of moral principles. Public trust is eroded when legal corruption is shielded by the credentials of legality but remains morally questionable.
The Impact of Corruption Scandals and the Challenges of Convictions
Corruption scandals can have detrimental effects on public trust and democracy when legal consequences are not effectively administered. Dr. Italo Pardo points out that high-profile corruption cases, even if widely publicized, may not result in convictions. Such scenarios can foster a sense of corruption pervasiveness and create a justification for individuals to engage in corrupt practices themselves. The discrepancy between the public exposure of corruption and lack of legal accountability undermines trust in institutions. The importance of effective legislation, informed by the morality and ethical principles of ordinary people, is crucial for addressing corruption and maintaining good governance.
Aaron and Sylvia talk with Italo Pardo about the importance of empirically-grounded anthropological studies of corruption. As one of the earliest anthropologists committed to the explicit study of corruption, Italo draws on his work in both Italy and the UK to illustrate his attention to the interplay between legality, legitimacy, and morality. Of particular interest to Italo are those instances of corruption or abuses of power that do not technically break the law, but that do break citizens’ trust. Such legal yet illegitimate forms of corruption are especially insidious as they enjoy the credentials of legality and therefore cannot be punished. We discuss examples of this in the context of Italy’s tangentopoli (bribesville) scandal, the UK’s National Health Service, and in Italo’s ethnographic research with fox hunters. Italo also shares what aspects of British anti-corruption efforts Italians find most surprising: their lack of legislation around corruption!
Some of Italo Pardo's published works include:
2023. Pardo, I. Ed. (with G. B. Prato), The Legitimacy of Healthcare and Public Health: Anthropological Perspectives. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Forthcoming
2019. (with G. B. Prato). Legitimacy: Ethnographic and Theoretical Insights. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
2004. I. Pardo ed. Between Morality and the Law: Corruption, Anthropology and Comparative Societies Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. Reprinted by Routledge 2016