Daniel Evans, Research Assistant at Cardiff University, discusses the rise of the lower middle class, now a significant political force. Nicola Bishop, Senior Teaching Fellow at Loughborough University, explores the cultural impact of white-collar workers in British popular culture. Topics include the evolution of the petty bourgeoisie, portrayal in Victorian sitcoms, emasculation in media, and cultural values.
The lower middle class has grown exponentially and wields political influence from both right and left ideologies.
Suburban values of the lower middle class have become ingrained in British cultural consumption reflecting national identity.
Deep dives
Historical Evolution of the Petty Bourgeoisie
The petty bourgeoisie has evolved from traditional small farmers and artisans into modern solo self-employed individuals, encompassing a diverse range of occupations. Contrary to early predictions by Marx and Engels of its decline, the petty bourgeoisie has adapted to industrialization, finding new avenues to sustain itself through services like small shopkeeping and landlordism.
The Changing Face of the Petty Bourgeoisie
The modern petty bourgeoisie encompasses both traditional shopkeepers and a newer group of solo self-employed workers, including tradesmen, personal trainers, and hairdressers. This shift has blurred class boundaries, with individuals transitioning between employment and self-employment, reflecting a growing complexity in the British class structure.
Political Influence of the Petty Bourgeoisie
The petty bourgeoisie has emerged as a significant political actor, with fractions of this class supporting movements like Trumpism, Brexit, and progressive movements led by figures such as Corbyn and Sanders. Solo self-employment has surged post-2008 financial crisis, posing challenges for unionization and societal dynamics, as more individuals work independently in isolated conditions.
The Petite Bourgeoisie - Laurie Taylor talks to Daniel Evans, Research Assistant at Cardiff University and author of a new study which explores the unstoppable rise of the lower middle class. Marx predicted that this insecure class, sandwiched between the working class and the bourgeoisie, would be absorbed into the proletariat as artisans died out during the industrial revolution. In fact, it has grown exponentially and is now a significant player within global politics, courted by the right and the left. Far from losing influence, the individualist values associated with it have been popularised by a society which some say fetishizes “aspiration” and entrepreneurship.
They're joined by Nicola Bishop, cultural historian and Senior Teaching Fellow at Loughborough University, whose latest book analyses white collar workers in British popular culture, from the novels of Charles Dickens to comedy TV sitcoms. Why have lower middle class, suburban values become such a staple of our cultural consumption and what can this tell us about national British identity?
Producer: Jayne Egerton
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