Learn about the groundbreaking computer that guided Apollo 11 to the moon, the first digital portable general purpose computer. Explore the innovative work of MIT that paved the way for the digital age. Hear from key figures involved in this technological feat, including Margaret Hamilton and Eldon Hall.
The Apollo Guidance Computer, built by MIT, was crucial for the precision and safety of Apollo's journey to the moon.
Margaret Hamilton pioneered software engineering during Apollo, ensuring reliable programs for crucial guidance system errors.
Deep dives
The Innovation of the Apollo Guidance Computer
The Apollo Guidance Computer, built and programmed by the team at MIT, revolutionized space travel. Weighing only 30 kilos and about the size of a couple of shoeboxes, it was the first portable digital computer in the world. Without this computer, which controlled the spacecraft during crucial moments like landing, the success of the mission to the moon would have been uncertain. The computer was a key factor in ensuring the precision and safety of Apollo's journey.
The Evolution of Software Engineering
Margaret Hamilton, a programmer, invented software engineering as a discipline during the Apollo mission. She focused on building reliable programs to handle potential errors in the guidance and navigation system. Recognizing the importance of impeccable software due to the astronauts' lives depending on it, she pioneered a new approach to writing and testing code, setting the foundation for modern software engineering practices.
Challenges in Hardware and Software Development
Developing the Apollo guidance computer's hardware and software presented significant challenges. Elton Hall, a key engineer, led the effort to incorporate integrated circuits, a cutting-edge technology at the time, into the computer. The team had to overcome doubts about the reliability of computer technology in mission-critical scenarios. Margaret Hamilton and Don Ailes played crucial roles in developing error-resistant software and navigating the uncharted territory of computer programming for space missions.
Collaborative Efforts in Mission Control and Beyond
The partnership between astronauts and the Apollo guidance computer was central to the success of the lunar landing. Astronauts like Charlie Duke worked alongside the computer, which controlled their descent and landing on the moon. The development and integration of the computer interface, utilizing a simple 'verb and noun' system, allowed astronauts to interact with and give commands to the computer during critical mission phases. The collaborative efforts of engineers, programmers, and astronauts exemplified the teamwork required for the monumental achievement of landing on the moon.
The computer that got us to the moon. The size of a briefcase, there had never been anything like it. Apollo 11 was “the first time software ran on the moon”. This is the story of the world’s first digital portable general purpose computer. The work of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, helped give rise to the digital age. With Kevin Fong.
Starring:
Ramon Alonso
Elaine Denniston
Charlie Duke
Don Eyles
Eldon Hall
Margaret Hamilton
Dan Lickly
Theme music by Hans Zimmer for Bleeding Fingers Music
#13MinutestotheMoon
www.bbcworldservice.com/13minutes
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