The important role of transplantation in AML: improving outcomes for patients & the value of pre-transplant MRD
Apr 5, 2023
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Charles Craddock and Christopher Hourigan discuss the important role of transplantation in AML, the value of pre-transplant MRD, and the management approaches for high-risk patients. They also explore strategies to improve outcomes for older AML patients through conditioning regimens and the introduction of cellular or drug therapies.
A simple blood test prior to stem cell transplantation for AML can stratify patients into different risk categories based on molecular subgroups, allowing for more personalized treatment decisions.
Collecting detailed clinical annotations and conducting curated randomized controlled trials is crucial for generating robust evidence in hematological oncology and guiding clinical decision-making in the management of MRD-positive patients pre-transplant.
Deep dives
Pre-transplant MRD as a clinical test
The pre-measure study explored the use of minimal residual disease (MRD) as a test in clinical practice for patients undergoing stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). By focusing on molecular subgroups, such as Flit3 and NPM1 mutations, the study demonstrated that a simple blood test prior to transplant could stratify patients into different risk categories, allowing for more personalized treatment decisions. The study also highlighted the potential of next-generation sequencing as a more sensitive approach for MRD detection.
The importance of data collection and clinical trials networks
The podcast emphasizes the importance of collecting detailed clinical annotations and conducting carefully curated randomized controlled trials in order to generate robust evidence in the field of hematological oncology. The experts stress the need for data sets that reflect real-world practice and the importance of clinical trials networks in answering crucial questions about patient outcomes and treatment strategies. Building a strong evidence base is essential for guiding clinical decision-making and ensuring that precision medicine can be applied effectively in routine patient care.
Challenges and future directions in transplant-related MRD
The discussion delves into the challenges and future directions surrounding the management of MRD-positive patients pre-transplant. While MRD detection has a prognostic impact, its significance may vary depending on disease biology and specific molecular subgroups. The experts acknowledge that the context of MRD positivity in older patients may require different treatment approaches compared to younger patients. They explore potential strategies such as optimizing graft versus leukemia effect, donor selection, early cellular therapies, drug therapies, and maintenance studies to improve outcomes and reduce relapse risk in MRD-positive patients.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) remains a valuable treatment option for fit patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the importance of measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring in this malignancy is well established. Several clinicians and researchers are conducting trials to further evaluate how to improve outcomes for patients undergoing alloSCT.
In this podcast, you will hear from Charles Craddock, CBE, FRCP(UK), FRCPath, DPhil, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, and Christopher Hourigan, MD, DPhil, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, who discuss the important role of transplantation in AML, the value of pre-transplant MRD, and more. This discussion was filmed at the 18th International Symposium on Acute Leukemias (ISALXVIII), held in Munich, Germany.