Exploring Japan's energy mix post-Fukushima, heavy reliance on fossil fuels, challenges in transitioning to renewables, offshore wind potential, feed-in tariff scheme, power grid structure, industry role in emissions reduction, and emission targets for 2030.
Japan heavily relies on fossil fuels post-Fukushima incident, with only a quarter of electricity from renewables.
Government initiatives drive investment in renewables and energy storage to meet emission reduction goals.
Deep dives
Japan's Energy Mix and Emissions Profile
Japan's energy economy and decarbonization efforts are explored. Despite its smaller emissions footprint compared to China and the US, Japan remains a significant emitter. After cutting nuclear power generation to zero post-Fukushima incident, Japan heavily relies on fossil fuels, with 70% of its electricity supply met by fossil fuels. Renewables, including hydro, account for a quarter of electricity supply, with solar being the largest non-hydro renewable source.
Renewable Energy Initiatives in Japan
In 2012, Japan introduced a subsidy scheme for renewables, kickstarting the market. The Feed-In program offers subsidies for renewable projects, driving investment into renewables such as utility-scale solar. The government's focus on offshore wind and subsidy programs have led to increased interest in larger-scale energy storage projects to support renewables integration.
Emission Reduction Targets and Initiatives
Japan aims to reduce emissions by 46% by 2030 from 2013 levels. The Japanese government legislated a net-zero emissions target for 2050 to align with global climate goals. Japan's climate initiatives include the introduction of a nationwide carbon tax and voluntary emissions trading schemes to incentivize emission reductions.
Challenges and Opportunities for Geothermal Energy in Japan
Geothermal potential in Japan faces challenges due to stakeholder engagement issues with the hot spring industry and limited technical familiarity. Identifying geothermal resources, mountainous terrain, and high development costs further hinder geothermal projects. Despite abundant natural resources, geothermal uptake remains limited, necessitating innovative solutions for sustainable energy development.
Japan is important to consider on the global energy stage. The country’s emissions footprint is considerably smaller than China and the U.S. While Japan's energy footprint isn't growing as rapidly as India's, it’s still the fifth-largest emitter of any country globally, with emissions representing roughly three to 4% of the global total. Japan's energy system is heavily fossil fuel-based, especially after it cut nuclear power generation from roughly one-third to zero in the aftermath of the 2011 Fukushima incident.
Today we're diving into the Japanese energy economy and decarbonization efforts with Isshu Kikuma. Isshu has been with Bloomberg New Energy Finance since 2018, and up until last month his role there was Japan Energy Analyst. He just switched his focus to the energy storage world, but clearly brings a wealth of knowledge on Japan, energy, and decarbonization.
We've been doing these geo tours on the pod for a while, covering countries like China, India, Brazil, and Kenya. Just check out our pod archives at the links below.
In this episode, we cover:
Japan's current power mix and heavy reliance on fossil fuels
Decrease in nuclear power generation after the Fukushima incident
The country's share of renewables
Challenges and potential of offshore wind in Japan
Programs and initiatives to encourage emission reductions, including the feed-in tariff scheme
The structure of Japan's power grid and interconnections between regions
The role of industry in energy use and emissions reduction
Japan's emissions targets
Market-based levers and consumer programs in Japan, including the RE-100 initiative and EV subsidies
Japan's funding of coal power plants in other Southeast Asian countries
Climate change impacts on Japan and resiliency efforts
The role of battery energy storage in Japan's power grid