Perry Mehrling, "Money and Empire: Charles P. Kindleberger and the Dollar System" (Cambridge UP, 2022)
Jun 2, 2023
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Charles P. Kindleberger, renowned economist, discusses the evolution of the dollar system, its history, and the views of economists towards it. He reflects on the monetary side of the economy and the foundations of monetary theory. The interview explores Kindleberger's work, interests, and contemporary issues like the gold-backed dollar and the Bretton Woods agreement. It also delves into the emergence of the dollar system, the translation of Kindleberger's ideas by economists, and the challenges faced by the global dollar system.
Charles Kindleberger viewed the dollar as a key currency in a unified global monetary system and believed in its role in promoting economic growth and stability.
Kindleberger emphasized the need for an international lender of last resort, like the Federal Reserve, to prevent economic crises and highlighted the importance of understanding past crises to shape economic theory and policy.
Deep dives
Charlie Kindleberger's Life and Intellectual Journey
In this podcast episode, Perry Maryland, professor of International Political Economy at Boston University, discusses the life and work of Charles B. Kindleberger. Kindleberger was part of the American institutionalist tradition and dedicated his career to understanding the monetary side of the economy. He studied historical figures like Alan Young, Alvin Hansen, and Ed Shaw, who contributed to the unique American institutionalist approach to monetary economics. Kindleberger believed in the importance of a unified global monetary system and saw the dollar as a key currency in that system. He aimed to build a global dollar system that would promote economic growth and stability.
Kindleberger's Views on the Bretton Woods Agreement
Kindleberger recognized the emergence of the dollar standard system even before the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1944. He saw Bretton Woods as the international recognition and blessing of the already existing dollar system, rather than a designed system. Kindleberger believed in the importance of the dollar as a key currency and the need for a unified global monetary system. He disagreed with Robert Triffin's critique that national currencies should not be international reserves, and instead, he supported the idea of monetizing credit and expanding the dollar's role in the international economy. Kindleberger saw the dollar as a means of stabilizing and unifying the global monetary system.
Kindleberger's View on Economic Crises and Panics
One of Kindleberger's well-known works is 'Manias, Panics, and Crashes,' where he analyzes the patterns of economic crises throughout history. Kindleberger's goal was not just to catalog historical events, but to affect economics as a discipline. He observed that crises often arise from a displacement, such as a war, which leads to an asset bubble fed by the monetization of credit. Kindleberger believed that an international lender of last resort, primarily the Federal Reserve, was necessary to prevent crises from escalating. He emphasized the importance of understanding past crises to shape economic theory and policy.
Kindleberger's Vision for the Future of the Global Monetary System
Kindleberger envisioned a global dollar system where the dollar serves as the medium of exchange and international currency. He believed that a unified global monetary system would benefit all countries, similar to how a unified monetary system benefits individual nations. Kindleberger saw the development and integration of the global south as crucial for the future of the system, and he emphasized the need to support their economic growth. However, he acknowledged the challenge of political obstacles and the clash between the interests of different nations. Kindleberger's vision focused on managing and encouraging the evolution of the global monetary system, embracing the natural evolution and interconnectedness of economies while recognizing social and political complexities.
Charles Kindleberger ranks as one of the twentieth century's best known and most influential international economists. This book traces the evolution of his thinking in the context of a 'key-currency' approach to the rise of the dollar system, here revealed as the indispensable framework for global economic development since World War II. Unlike most of his colleagues, Kindleberger was deeply interested in history, and his economics brimmed with real people and institutional details. His research at the New York Fed and BIS during the Great Depression, his wartime intelligence work, and his role in administering the Marshall Plan gave him deep insight into how the international financial system really operated.
A biography of both the dollar and a man, Money and Empire (Cambridge University Press, 2022) also the story of the development of ideas about how money works. It throws revealing light on the underlying economic forces and political obstacles shaping our globalized world.
Perry Mehrling is Professor of International Political Economy at Boston University.
Caleb Zakarin is the Assistant Editor of the New Books Network.