Pagan Kennedy, an investigative reporter and author, discusses the groundbreaking contributions of community activist Marty Goddard in the fight for sexual assault survivors' rights. The conversation sheds light on the evolution of rape kits and the systemic failures surrounding sexual assault cases. Additionally, David Bianculli reviews the Netflix miniseries American Primeval, highlighting its portrayal of survival and conflict in the 19th-century American West. Together, they explore the intersection of historical narratives and modern advocacy in justice.
Marty Goddard's advocacy in the 1970s was pivotal in reshaping the narrative around rape kits and supporting sexual assault victims.
The collaboration with Hugh Hefner's Playboy Foundation for funding highlighted the complex dynamics between sexual liberation and victim protection initiatives.
Deep dives
Revising Historical Narratives
The historical narrative surrounding the invention of the rape kit has often credited Louis Vitullo as its primary creator, but new insights reveal that Marty Goddard, an activist working with runaway youth, played a crucial role in its development. In the 1970s, Goddard became acutely aware of the hidden epidemic of sexual assault among young runaways, which prompted her to advocate for better investigative practices. She questioned the existing police methodologies and emphasized the pressing need to perform thorough examinations following assaults. By bringing her expertise and experiences to the forefront, she sought to change the narrative surrounding sexual assault investigations and empower victims to have their cases taken seriously by law enforcement.
Challenging Societal Norms
During the early 1970s, societal attitudes towards sexual assault, especially regarding how the law treated victims and accused perpetrators, were shockingly outdated. Marital rape was still legal in all states, and police procedures were often dismissive of victims, frequently suggesting that women reporting assaults were lying. Goddard's work highlighted the need to reform these antiquated views and methods, emphasizing that sexual assault cases should be approached with the same seriousness as other violent crimes. This shift in perspective was crucial in laying the groundwork for how sexual assault, particularly among vulnerable populations like runaways, should be treated within the legal and medical systems.
The Role of Funding and Support
Funding was a significant obstacle in the early efforts to disseminate rape kits, as many traditional funding bodies were reluctant to support sexual assault initiatives. Goddard found an unexpected ally in Hugh Hefner’s Playboy Foundation, which provided essential financial backing for her initiatives, enabling the kits' creation and distribution. This partnership highlights a complex relationship between sexual liberation and the need for systems that protect and provide for victims of assault. The funding made it possible for hospitals and police departments to take proactive steps in collecting evidence and supporting survivors during their recovery process.
Impact on Legal Outcomes and Perceptions
The introduction of the rape kit not only aimed to support survivors but also to improve the investigative process and help clear wrongfully accused individuals. By providing concrete evidence, such as biological samples, the kit served as a tool to aid justice for both victims and the falsely accused. Goddard and her collaborators recognized that having robust forensic evidence could help dismantle the pervasive culture of victim-blaming and enhance the credibility of survivors' testimonies in court. As the conversation surrounding sexual assault evolved, the rape kit became a critical element in shaping not only investigative protocols but also societal attitudes towards survivors and perpetrators alike.
Rape kits were widely known as "Vitullo Kits" after a Chicago police sergeant. But a new book tells the story of Marty Goddard, a community activist who worked with runaway teenagers in the 1970s.
Also, TV critic David Bianculli reviews the Western miniseries American Primeval, now streaming on Netflix.