Normalizing Normativity: The 219th Evolutionary Lens with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying
Apr 3, 2024
02:02:26
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Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying discuss evolution, intelligent design, failures of institutional science during Covid, critiquing motonormativity, and older sex chromosomes in cephalopods. They challenge settled science, explore mentorship in science, interconnectedness of micro and macroevolution, and societal norms impact perceptions. The conversation delves into critiquing misleading science, impact of moto-normalization on road behavior, promoting safety through personal responsibility, and the evolution of sex chromosomes across species
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Quick takeaways
Understanding motor normativity reveals the normalization of car-centric societies, leading to unconscious biases and overlooked risks in driving.
The flawed methodology of equating car driving with smoking highlights misaligned moral considerations and the need for nuanced public policy interventions.
The positive reasons for driving differ from smoking, emphasizing the unique risks and benefits of car usage not adequately addressed by research on motor normativity.
The discovery of the oldest known animal sex chromosome in octopuses sheds light on genetic sex determination evolution, showcasing a unique ZW system in contrast to mammals' XY system.
Deep dives
Understanding Motor Normativity through a Car-Centric Society
The concept of motor normativity highlights the normalization of car-centric societies, where driving has become so prevalent that people accept associated risks without much thought. This normalization leads to car brain behavior, where individuals do not consider alternatives and overlook potential dangers of driving. The term, although mocked, sheds light on the unconscious biases formed by cultural assumptions about private car usage. The comparison with smoking in highly populated areas reveals a distorted methodology and misaligned moral considerations, highlighting the need for public policy and health professionals to address these biases.
Exploring the Distorted Methodology of Motor Normativity Research
The research on motor normativity employs flawed methodology, as evidenced by the comparison between driving and smoking in highly populated areas. The study's attempt to equate the health hazards posed by cars with cigarettes lacks nuance and overlooks key distinctions between outdoor driving and indoor smoking. The exaggerated differences in responses to the statements reflect a failure to address relevant contextual factors and demonstrate a flawed understanding of the moral considerations involved.
Recognizing the Unique Risks and Benefits of Driving in Modern Society
The normalization of driving as seen through the lens of motor normativity reveals the unique risks and benefits of car usage in contemporary society. Despite criticisms of car-centric culture, the positive reasons for driving, such as transportation to essential locations, differ significantly from smoking. The study's methodological approach fails to adequately differentiate between the health hazards and moral implications of driving and smoking, leading to skewed conclusions.
Oldest Animal Sex Chromosome in Octopuses Evolved 380 Million Years Ago
The discovery of the oldest known animal sex chromosome in octopuses sheds light on genetic sex determination in these creatures, with females having one copy and males having two copies of a specific chromosome. This finding suggests a ZW system, indicating a separate evolutionary path from mammals' XY system, raising questions about sex determination evolution and its significance in diverse species.
Sex Chromosome Evolution and Viviparity in Mammals
Genetic sex determination preceded viviparity, the ability to give live birth, in mammals. This connection between genetic sex determination and endothermy, maintaining constant body temperature, hints at the complexity of the evolutionary genetics underlying sex determination and reproductive strategies in different animal lineages.
Sex Chromosome Diversity and Evolution
Understanding the evolution of sex chromosomes across various species reveals a complex network of genetic, environmental, and reproductive factors at play. The discovery of unique sex determination systems, such as those in birds, insects, and now octopuses, highlights the diversity of evolutionary pathways leading to the formation of sex chromosomes.
Environmental Sex Determination Challenges
The interplay between genetic and environmental sex determination mechanisms presents a complex evolutionary puzzle, especially in species like bush turkeys that exhibit unique reproductive behaviors. Exploring these diverse sex determination systems offers insights into the evolutionary dynamics shaping biodiversity and reproductive strategies in different animal groups.
In this 219th in a series of live discussions with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying (both PhDs in Biology), we talk about the state of the world through an evolutionary lens.
In this episode, we discuss evolution and intelligent design, and why the failures of institutions and institutional science during Covid are causing people to question everything that science has concluded. We also discuss motonormativity—aka car brain—both steel manning it as a concept, and critiquing the research that named the phenomenon. Finally: sex chromosomes in cephalopods (octopus and their kin)—older than you think.
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Mentioned in this episode:
“Giving Up Darwin” - Gelernter’s review of Meyers’ book: https://claremontreviewofbooks.com/giving-up-darwin/
Motonormativity: critical car theory (at Principled Bicycling): https://substack.com/home/post/p-142960056
Walker et al 2023. Motonormativity: how social norms hide a major public health hazard: https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJENVH.2023.135446?af=R
Oldest known animal sex chromosome evolved in octopuses 380 million years ago: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00637-0
Coffing et al 2024. Cephalopod Sex Determination and its Ancient Evolutionary Origin Revealed by Chromosome-level Assembly of the California Two-Spot Octopus: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.02.21.581452v2.full.pdf