
 Ones and Tooze
 Ones and Tooze Heterodox Economists, Part 2: Joan Robinson
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 Dec 20, 2024  Dive into the life and groundbreaking work of Joan Robinson, a trailblazer in heterodox economics. Discover how she challenged societal barriers as a pioneering female economist and critiqued mainstream Keynesian views. Explore her radical interpretation of Keynes and the implications of 'bastard Keynesianism' on contemporary economic discussions. Unpack her revolutionary theories on labor markets and the importance of evolving economic thought beyond traditional paradigms. 
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Robinson's early life and career
- Joan Robinson, born in 1903, studied economics at Cambridge's Girton College, despite women not receiving formal degrees.
- After marrying economist Austin Robinson, she spent time in India before returning to Cambridge and becoming a prominent figure in Keynes' circle.
Robinson's Shift in Perspective
- Robinson's encounter with Kalecki revealed another perspective on macroeconomics, focusing on circular flow rather than individual market interactions.
- This perspective aligned with her leftist views, integrating class and the capital-labor dynamic.
Robinson's Critique of US Hegemony
- During the Cold War, Robinson became a critic of U.S. hegemony, including its intellectual influence and misinterpretation of Keynesianism.
- She voiced her critique through platforms like the American Economics Association, facilitated by her student J.K. Galbraith.




