India's democracy has defied predictions of failure and fragmentation, expanding and deepening with increased voter turnout and wider representation.
Criticism of Indian democracy should be reflective and empathetic, recognizing its unique historical and cultural context while acknowledging its survival and inspiration for other democracies.
Deep dives
India's Democracy: Expansion and Deepening
India's democracy, despite its imperfections, has defied predictions of failure and fragmentation. The electoral democracy in India has shown signs of both expanding and deepening. Voter turnout has increased over the years, with a rise in the participation of women and the number of contesting parties. Representation in the cabinet has also widened, with the inclusion of marginalized communities. While acknowledging the challenges and imperfections, it is important to recognize India as a test case of democracy outside the Western world.
Criticism and Misunderstandings of Indian Democracy
Criticism of Indian democracy often comes from both within and outside India, including scholars and civil society actors. However, it is important to have a reflective and empathetic understanding of the challenges India faces as a large and diverse country. India's democracy should be compared against itself, taking into account its unique historical and cultural context. While learning from other democracies, it should be acknowledged that India's democracy has survived and thrived despite initial doubts and continues to inspire other aspiring democracies.
The Paradox of Indian Democracy under BJP Rule
Under the BJP rule, Indian democracy has shown paradoxical trends. While some aspects of democracy have expanded and deepened, such as increased voter turnout and wider representation, there are concerns about illiberal elements, especially regarding minority rights. The dominance of a single party system can lead to centralization of power and the rise of anti-democratic sentiments. It is important to critically examine the impact of dominant party systems on democratic values and ensure the protection of liberal democratic principles.
Emerging Challenges and Opposition to BJP
The emergence of a true opposition to challenge the BJP at the federal level poses challenges in India's party system. The Indian National Congress (ANC) has been a dominant party in the past but faces decline and needs to reestablish itself as the core of a united opposition alliance. The decline of the ANC also reflects the failure to provide wider representation, leading to a representational deficit. The future of opposition in India will depend on forging alliances and addressing the underrepresented voices within the political landscape.
Rahul Verma is a fellow at the Centre for Policy Research in New Delhi. He is also Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science, Ashoka University. Recently, he wrote “The Exaggerated Death of Indian Democracy” in the recent Journal of Democracy.
Key Highlights
Introduction - 0:44
India's Democracy Paradox - 2:24
Reconciling Illiberalism - 15:54
Sources of Indian Democratic Deficits - 20:02
Overstating and Understating Indian Democracy - 30:50
