Economist Podcasts Confused unity: the mood in Iran
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Jun 17, 2025 
Nicholas Pelham, the Middle East correspondent for The Economist, sheds light on the turbulent mood in Iran. He discusses the regime's unpreparedness amidst escalating military conflicts and a growing discontent among civilians, especially the youth. The conversation shifts to Nayib Bukele's controversial rise in El Salvador, revealing the transformation from a Reformist to an autocratic leader. Pelham also touches on the urgent need for tiger conservation in India, blending wildlife struggles with political themes.
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Iran's Military Weakness Exposed
- Israel's surprise attacks exposed Iran's military unpreparedness, causing initial mockery but turning to fear among Iranians.
- Iran's ability to deter or defend against Israeli strikes has been severely weakened over recent years.
Iranian Public's Complex Relationship With Regime
- Many Iranians deeply loathe the regime due to repression and isolation but lack will to overthrow it due to daily struggles and fear of chaos.
- The society is fragmented and difficult to organize against the regime despite multiple past protests.
Iran's Tactical Reforms to Ease Tensions
- Iran's regime moved from harsh enforcement to limited reforms, allowing women more freedom with hijab to ease societal tensions.
- This reformist president serves as a tool to unify regime factions and maintain regime stability.
