Radiolab The Age of Aquaticus
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Apr 25, 2025 
Hudson Freeze, a key figure in the discovery of the heat-loving organism Thermus aquaticus, shares how their groundbreaking work in Yellowstone transformed biology and led to PCR technology. Carl Zimmer, a New York Times columnist, discusses the alarming cuts to public science funding and their potential consequences. Together, they highlight the unexpected miracles that basic research can yield and underscore the vital need for continued investment in science, especially in this critical era.
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Discovery of Heat-Loving Microbe
- Hudson Freeze and Thomas Brock discovered Thermus aquaticus in Yellowstone hot springs despite the belief that nothing could live above 73°C.
- Their tiny "hot worms" thrived at near boiling temperatures, challenging previous life limits.
Life's Heat-Resistant Superpower
- Thermus aquaticus evolved proteins that can withstand extreme heat without breaking down.
- This discovery expanded our understanding of life’s potential in harsh environments, including deep-sea volcanoes.
Mullis's DNA Copying Vision
- Cary Mullis dreamed up the idea of making many DNA copies while driving in the mountains.
- He envisioned a "DNA Xerox machine" that amplified DNA exponentially, making it easier to read and study.