Hub Dialogues: John Ibbitson on John Diefenbaker & Lester B. Pearson
Oct 9, 2023
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John Ibbitson, Globe & Mail columnist and best-selling author, discusses his new book on John Diefenbaker and Lester B. Pearson. Topics include Diefenbaker's unfairly negative portrayal, Pearson's academic influence on his politics, Pearson's journey to Prime Minister, his role in shaping the modern welfare state, surprising insights about Diefenbaker's personal life, and hidden decisions behind the Avro Arrow program termination.
John Diefenbaker's government achieved significant reforms in immigration, healthcare, human rights, and justice legislation, which have been underappreciated in history due to biased assumptions.
Stephen Baker, Canada's first populist prime minister, championed the struggles of ordinary individuals, shifted the conservative party's center of gravity to the West, and left a positive legacy in various policy areas.
Deep dives
The Misconceptions of John Diefenbaker's Legacy
John Diefenbaker, the 13th Prime Minister of Canada, has been unfairly treated by history. The conventional wisdom is that his inner demons, paranoia, and indecisiveness contaminated his governments, leading to disintegration and chaos. However, a closer look reveals that Diefenbaker's government achieved significant reforms, including immigration, healthcare, human rights, and justice legislation. There was a continuity of progress between Diefenbaker and his successor, Lester Pearson, who implemented and advanced many of the reforms initiated by Diefenbaker. The underappreciation of Diefenbaker's contributions can be attributed to a progressive assumption that hampers fair understanding and recognition of conservative politicians in Canadian history.
Stephen Baker's Populism and Western Shift
Stephen Baker, the 14th Prime Minister of Canada, was the country's first populist prime minister. Growing up poor in the West, he empathized with the struggles of ordinary individuals and fought for fair treatment and representation. His populism manifested in defending underprivileged individuals as a lawyer and championing their causes. Baker also shifted the conservative party's center of gravity to the West, recognizing the importance of farmers and pioneers in shaping the party's direction. His influence was instrumental in realigning the conservative party and anchoring it in the prairie provinces.
The Accomplishments and Challenges of Stephen Baker's Government
Stephen Baker's government faced significant accomplishments and challenges. From 1957 to 1961, the government achieved considerable progress in implementing reforms. However, by 1962, the government started losing focus, coherence, and faced internal infighting and paranoia. Baker's lack of experience, ability to trust, and growing pains as a leader led to a series of bad decisions, ultimately leading to his government's defeat. Despite the challenges, Baker's government left a positive legacy with significant achievements in various policy areas.
Pearson's Evolution and Contributions to Canadian History
Lester Pearson, the 14th Prime Minister of Canada, had an impressive evolution in his political career. Coming from an academic background and working as a history professor, Pearson's intellect, affability, and ability to bridge divides earned him recognition and opportunities. As a diplomat and Minister of External Affairs, Pearson played a pivotal role in reorienting Canada within a changing world dominated by the United States. He also recognized the need for a clear understanding of Canada's identity, addressing issues like rising Quebec nationalism and championing the adoption of a distinct Canadian flag. Pearson's political contributions included advancing policy in areas such as healthcare, education, and foreign relations, while also facing personal challenges as a politician.
This episode of Hub Dialogues features John Ibbitson, Globe & Mail columnist and best-selling author, about his new, must-read book, The Duel: Diefenbaker, Pearson and the Making of Modern Canada.
The Hub Dialogues features The Hub's editor-at-large, Sean Speer, in conversation with leading entrepreneurs, policymakers, scholars, and thinkers on the issues and challenges that will shape Canada's future at home and abroad. The episodes are generously supported by The Ira Gluskin And Maxine Granovsky Gluskin Charitable Foundation and the Linda Frum and Howard Sokolowski Charitable Foundation.
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