DRS: how the Drag Reduction System has changed F1 racing
Aug 31, 2023
auto_awesome
Emel Cankaya, McLaren Aerodynamics Specialist, explains the physics of DRS and why it makes cars go faster. The podcast discusses the introduction of DRS, its impact on overtaking, and the strategic use of DRS in Formula 1 racing. They also explore the effects of slipstream and dirty air on aerodynamic performance and tire/engine temperature.
DRS, or Drag Reduction System, was introduced in Formula One to increase overtaking opportunities and has significantly increased the number of overtakes, making races more exciting.
The control of DRS is managed electronically through the Engine Control Unit (ECU) in each Formula One car, allowing drivers to activate DRS when they are within one second of the car in front.
Deep dives
DRS: Drag Reduction System and its Purpose in Formula One
DRS, or Drag Reduction System, was introduced in 2011 in Formula One to increase overtaking opportunities. It allows drivers to open a movable flap on the rear wing of their cars, reducing drag and increasing their top speed. DRS can be used during races when a driver is within one second of the car in front, giving them a speed advantage on straightaways. The introduction of DRS has significantly increased the number of overtakes in Formula One, making races more exciting for fans. While some critics argue that DRS makes overtaking too easy, others appreciate the added excitement it brings to the sport.
The Mechanics and Control of DRS
The control of DRS is managed electronically through the Engine Control Unit (ECU) in each Formula One car. Drivers can activate DRS when they are within one second of the car in front, and it is automatically triggered by the ECU. DRS is used in both qualifying and races, but the conditions must be dry for its activation. When DRS is opened, drivers experience an increase in speed, while closing it results in a reduction of speed. In qualifying, DRS can be used in designated zones throughout the entire session, while in races, DRS can only be used in specific DRS zones when the driver is within one second of the car ahead.
DRS Zones and Their Impact
DRS zones are specific sections of a circuit where drivers can activate DRS during a race. The placement of DRS zones is determined based on the track layout, aiming to provide overtaking opportunities. A good DRS zone should provide drivers with enough advantage to attempt an overtake in the braking zone, but not make it too easy. Multiple DRS zones can be present on tracks with long straights or to enhance overtaking opportunities. The use of DRS zones in qualifying allows drivers to benefit from increased speed on straights, but they must adjust their braking points accordingly.
DRS in Wet Conditions and its Impact on Strategy
DRS cannot be used in wet conditions due to the lower grip levels and the risk of aquaplaning. In wet races, DRS remains closed throughout to ensure the safety of drivers. In qualifying, DRS can still be used if the conditions are dry, providing drivers with increased speed on the straights. The presence or absence of DRS in wet conditions affects the driver's strategy and approach to overtaking, as they must rely on other techniques and opportunities to make passes.
It has given us more action, more overtaking and more chances to change the race with strategy. DRS, the Drag Reduction System, can help F1 drivers get in position for a race-winning overtake. Why was it introduced? How does it work? What's the best way to use it?
F1 Explains with the help of three experts, who tell Christian Hewgill and Katie Osborne all about this fascinating subject:
McLaren Aerodynamics Specialist Emel Cankaya works on designing DRS systems. She explains the physics of DRS, why it makes cars go faster and the rules on DRS design
Alfa Romeo's Head of Race Strategy Ruth Buscombe studied DRS at university. She tells us how DRS is controlled and how it has changed F1 racing for strategists
Former Renault F1 racer Jolyon Palmer puts us in the cockpit to explain DRS driving and overtaking
Write, record and send your F1 question to Why@F1.com and we will answer it in a future episode.
F1 Explains tackles a different F1 topic every week. Check out our previous episodes using the links below:
Tyres - an engineer, a driver and a designer explains why they matter