'Ghost Genes' Could Help Save The American Red Wolf
Oct 22, 2024
auto_awesome
In this engaging discussion, Bridget Von Holt, a professor at Princeton specializing in red wolf genetics, reveals the fascinating challenge of reviving the American red wolf, descended from just 14 canids. She introduces the revolutionary concept of 'ghost genes' to enhance genetic diversity by tapping into coyote genetics. The conversation dives into the importance of careful breeding to avoid inbreeding and the significant role of conservation efforts since the species was nearly extinct in the 1970s. Discover how science is crafting a hopeful future for this critically endangered animal!
The American red wolf's population decline, driven by hunting and hybridization, necessitated a breeding program that started with only 14 individuals.
Innovative research into 'ghost genes' from coyotes aims to enhance the low genetic diversity of the red wolf to aid conservation efforts.
Deep dives
The Decline of the Red Wolf
The red wolf, once a common predator in the American Southeast, has faced a steep decline due to a combination of hunting and hybridization. As European settlers expanded, they hunted red wolves as dangerous threats, disrupting their population. Additionally, because of the dwindling numbers of red wolves, they began to breed with coyotes, blurring the species' genetic lineage. By the mid-1900s, this resulted in the near extinction of the red wolf in the wild, prompting conservationists to take action to save the species.
Captive Breeding Efforts
In response to the crisis, by 1970, the Fish and Wildlife Service initiated a controversial plan to capture and breed the remaining red wolves in captivity. Capturing as many of the last red wolves as possible, the program managed to establish a captive population with just 14 individuals representing the species. This decision aimed to preserve the species, but it also led to significant limitations in genetic diversity. While there are currently a few hundred red wolves in captivity, the lack of genetic variation poses challenges for future breeding.
Reviving Red Wolf Genetics
Recent research introduced the concept of utilizing genetic material from coyotes that contain red wolf DNA, termed 'ghost wolves,' to enhance the genetic diversity of red wolves. A community scientist's discovery of a coyote with distinct red wolf characteristics inspired a genetic study aimed at identifying these 'ghost' traits. By analyzing coyote droppings, researchers aim to detect and rank individuals based on their genetic makeup, prioritizing those with the highest red wolf ancestry. The goal is to create breeding opportunities that both enrich the red wolf gene pool and ensure the survival of this endangered species.
Every American red wolf alive right now is descended from only 14 canids. In the 1970s, humans drove the red wolf to the brink of extinction. Because of that, red wolves today have low genetic diversity. But what if we could recover that diversity ... using "ghost genes"?
That's right, today's episode is a ghost story. Along the way, we get into gene dictionaries, the possibilities of poo and how a photo of a common Texas coyote started it all.
Have another animal you want us to dig into for a future episode? Email us at shortwave@npr.org!