Defenders: Excursus on Natural Theology (Part 12): Scientific Confirmation of the Beginning of the Universe Part 2

Explore the scientific foundation behind the Kalam cosmological argument, emphasizing evidence that the universe had a beginning. Delve into the balance of energies in a closed universe and the possibility of an uncaused universe emerging from nothing. Engage with philosophical debates surrounding time, inflationary expansion, and gravity's role in the cosmos. This discussion uncovers the complexities of these concepts and challenges traditional views on the nature of the universe.