Orlando Figes, a leading historian and author on Russian history, offers deep insights into the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. He explains how Putin's beliefs about Ukraine's identity stem from a complex historical narrative. Figes discusses the historical roots of the Rus and Crimea's governance changes, shedding light on their relevance today. His reflections on the evolution of Russian society in the 1980s provide a personal touch, revealing the profound impact of these events on contemporary geopolitical tensions.
Putin's narrative framing Ukraine as part of Russia is a product of historical revisionism that feeds into his expansionist policies.
The hybrid warfare strategies employed by Russia highlight the need for Europe to enhance military readiness and cybersecurity investments.
Deep dives
Putin's Deceptive Diplomacy
The dynamics between Putin and Trump exemplify a troubling alliance that dismisses Ukraine's sovereignty. Both leaders seem to view Ukraine as a pawn in their geopolitical strategies, prioritizing their own interests over the nation's independence. For instance, Putin's recent overtures towards American companies for business deals in occupied territories suggest a blatant disregard for international law and Ukrainian rights. This partnership underscores a cynical disregard for the implications of realpolitik, where grand power plays overshadow the lives and rights of smaller nations like Ukraine.
Historical Manipulation in Russian Politics
Putin has effectively politicized Russian history to strengthen his ideological narrative, claiming Ukraine is fundamentally a part of Russia. Through centralized education reforms, he has replaced independent historical texts with a curriculum that promotes Russian imperialism, framing Ukraine as a mere extension of Russian culture rather than as a distinct nation. This historical revisionism is utilized to justify military aggression, as evidenced by his portrayal of the Soviet-era borders, particularly regarding Crimea and the Donbass region. Ultimately, these manipulations serve to foster a sense of legitimacy for Russia's expansionist policies, despite being irrelevant to Ukraine's actual statehood.
The Hybrid Warfare Challenge
The threat posed by Putin goes beyond traditional military interventions and encompasses cyber warfare and financial manipulation. Even with a significant troop presence, Europe may struggle to provide meaningful deterrence against the multifaceted tactics employed by Russia. The focus on aggressive tactics indicates that warfare in this context has evolved into a hybrid form, intertwining military, economic, and political strategies. Consequently, responding to these challenges decisively requires a substantial commitment from European nations, not only in terms of military readiness but also through cohesive political action and investment in cybersecurity and infrastructure.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has long maintained the stance that Ukraine is fundamentally a part of Russian territory—a belief that's at the heart of the ongoing conflict. It’s a view rooted in a complex web of historical narratives that date back centuries.
GUEST: Historian and author, Orlando Figes
PRODUCER: Ali Benton
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