Keen On America

The Innovation Paradox Undermining the Digital Revolution: How Magical Technology Isn't Translating into Miraculous Economic Progress

Sep 19, 2025
Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford economist and author of How Progress Ends, dives into the curious paradox of the digital revolution. He argues that despite the wonders of technology, we're not seeing the productivity gains expected. Frey contrasts automation with groundbreaking innovations that drive economic growth. He also discusses the institutional structures that influence technological payoffs, highlighting challenges in Europe and the implications of China’s state capitalism on innovation and progress. It's a thought-provoking exploration of what true economic advancement looks like.
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INSIGHT

Digital Magic, Modest Productivity

  • The computer and internet revolution delivered massive social change but only a small, short-lived productivity boost.
  • Carl Benedikt Frey warns AI so far mostly automates existing tasks rather than creating new growth-driving industries.
INSIGHT

New Industries Drive Lasting Growth

  • Major wealth and productivity gains come from entirely new industries, not just automation.
  • Frey cites the automobile era as the model that created broad, sustained economic expansion and many new sectors.
ADVICE

Fund Decentralized Exploration

  • Design institutions to adjust to technological change and allow decentralized exploration.
  • Fund research and projects in competitive, plural venues so multiple technological trajectories can be tried.
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