Alex Mayhew, "Making Sense of the Great War: Crisis, Englishness, and Morale on the Western Front" (Cambridge UP, 2024)
Dec 4, 2024
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Join historian Alex Mayhew, an expert on the First World War, as he reveals the resilience of English infantrymen amidst the chaos of the Western Front. He explores how soldiers navigated their harrowing experiences, crafting meaningful narratives while enduring unprecedented hardships. Delve into the significance of morale, class distinctions, and the interplay between military culture and soldier perception. Discover how nostalgia for home and evolving ideas of duty shaped their identities during one of history's darkest chapters.
Morale was a critical factor in soldiers' endurance during WWI, as it influenced their perceptions of duty, character, and belonging.
The soldiers' coping mechanisms, such as routine and normalization, helped them adapt to the horrors of trench warfare and maintain psychological resilience.
Imagining home served as a vital psychological refuge for soldiers, fueling their motivation and hope amidst the bleak realities of war.
Deep dives
The Role of Morale in Military Experience
Morale plays a crucial role in soldiers' experiences during the First World War, influencing their ability to endure conflict. Soldiers often associated morale with personal duty, character, and a sense of belonging to their units. The military's efforts to bolster morale included initiatives like training, sports, and social activities, which helped to foster camaraderie among soldiers. Additionally, soldiers derived strength from their connection to home and familial relationships, which fueled their motivation to remain steadfast in battle.
Understanding of Duty and Respectability
The concepts of duty and respectability significantly shaped soldiers' identities and actions during the war. For officers, a paternalistic sense of duty towards their men was deeply ingrained, while lower ranks perceived their duty in a more finite manner, often feeling that they had 'done their bit' after having served. This difference in perception affected how soldiers approached their responsibilities on the battlefield, creating an atmosphere where good character was both a social and military currency. Soldiers were frequently reminded that their actions and adherence to duty would impact their future prospects back home.
Normalization of Trauma on the Western Front
Soldiers developed mechanisms of normalization and habituation to cope with the horrors of trench warfare. Continuous exposure to traumatic environments dulled their sensory reactions to stress, enabling them to carry out their duties despite the ongoing violence around them. Interestingly, soldiers often found solace in small routines, such as tending to trench gardens, which contributed to their psychological resilience. Naming places after their hometowns further helped them maintain a connection to their identities, making the foreign landscape feel more familiar.
Imagining Home as a Source of Hope
Imagining home served as a psychological refuge for soldiers, fueling their morale and helping them endure the hardships of warfare. Soldiers would daydream about their homes, recalling sights, sounds, and loved ones, which provided a stark contrast to their grim surroundings. While in the trenches, their memories of home transformed into a powerful source of motivation, often interwoven with their reasons for fighting the war. This longing for home played a pivotal role in sustaining their hope for peace and the possibility of returning to a normal life.
The Shifting Perception of Peace amidst Conflict
Over time, soldiers’ perceptions of peace evolved, especially as the war dragged on with no clear end in sight. Early in the conflict, ideas of victorious peace remained strong, but as the realities of trench warfare set in, doubts began to surface. By 1917, a growing sense of hopelessness emerged as soldiers grappled with their experiences of ongoing battles with little apparent progress. The contrasting narratives between their aspirations for victory and the harsh realities of war significantly influenced their morale, ultimately shaping their understanding of the war's purpose.
The First World War was an unprecedented crisis, with communities and societies enduring the unimaginable hardships of a prolonged conflict on an industrial scale. In Belgium and France, the terrible capacity of modern weaponry destroyed the natural world and exposed previously held truths about military morale and tactics as falsehoods. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers suffered some of the worst conditions that combatants have ever faced. How did they survive? What did it mean to them? How did they perceive these events?
Whilst the trenches of the Western Front have come to symbolise the futility and hopelessness of the Great War, in Making Sense of the Great War: Crisis, Englishness, and Morale on the Western Front (Cambridge University Press, 2024) Dr. Alex Mayhew shows that English infantrymen rarely interpreted their experiences in this way. They sought to survive, navigated the crises that confronted them, and crafted meaningful narratives about their service. Making Sense of the Great War reveals the mechanisms that allowed them to do so.
This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose new book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars.