Democracy – The Very Short Introductions Podcast – Episode 76
Nov 16, 2023
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Naomi Zack, a Professor of Philosophy at Lehman College, dives deep into the multifaceted nature of democracy. She explores its historical interpretations, highlighting critiques from Aristotle to contemporary views. Zack contrasts progressive and conservative ideologies shaping current political landscapes and the influence of conspiracy theories. She emphasizes the delicate balance between public participation and societal values, touching on the moral obligations towards climate change refugees and their place in democratic discourse.
The podcast discusses how historical interpretations of democracy contrast with modern inclusive ideals that emphasize universal participation for all individuals.
It explores the implications of contemporary political dynamics and the moral responsibilities of democracy towards global humanitarian issues, such as climate change refugees.
Deep dives
Exploring Conceptions of Democracy
Democracy is a shared ideal that manifests in various forms and conceptions, leading to diverse interpretations throughout history. One ancient interpretation, discussed by philosophers like Aristotle, portrays democracy as a limited governance among an elite, where the majority of society remains under the authority of this ruling class. In contrast to this limited view, modern understandings emphasize the necessity of inclusive participation across the entire society, highlighting the movements throughout the 19th and 20th centuries advocating for universal suffrage and equality. The distinction between governmental democracy and societal democracy reflects a progressive desire to ensure that every individual has representation and voice within the broader political landscape.
The Challenge of Modern Conservatism
Contemporary political dynamics reveal a shift within the Republican Party that aligns with a restrictive interpretation of democracy, where participation is limited to selected groups. This viewpoint runs counter to the progressive ideals of democracy that emerged with significant social movements, including those for women’s rights and civil rights. The resurgence of conspiracy theories within this conservative framework raises concerns about the implications for democratic principles, as it reflects a mobilization of the ill-informed base into mainstream political discourse. This conflict emphasizes the crucial question of whether an expanded democratic participation is beneficial or detrimental to societal norms and values.
Extending Democracy Beyond Borders
The discussion of democracy also extends to global issues, particularly how these principles apply to humanitarian crises such as climate change refugees. These individuals often do not receive formal recognition due to insufficient political persecution, complicating their status under current democratic frameworks. The moral obligations towards these refugees raise significant questions about the implications of democratic ideals beyond national borders, challenging societies to consider their responsibilities in ensuring human equality. Therefore, the consideration of democracy must also encompass a broader humanitarian perspective, encouraging a dialogue on global equality and rights.
Naomi Zack is Professor of Philosophy at Lehman College, CUNY. Her recent books include The American Tragedy of COVID-19: Social and Political Crises of 2020 (2021) and Progressive Anonymity: From Identity Politics to Evidence-Based Government (2020).
Due to the Thanksgiving holiday, the next episode of The Very Short Introductions Podcast will premiere on Thursday, 30 November 2023.