S E30: Consumption and Saving - Spend Now or Save to Spend Later
Feb 16, 2021
18:46
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Quick takeaways
German households significantly increased their savings during the Covid-19 pandemic, emphasizing the tendency to save more during times of uncertainty.
Consumption smoothing involves evenly distributing spending over one's lifetime, considering factors like borrowing during low-income periods and saving during peak earning stages.
Deep dives
Germans have a high saving rate
Germans have one of the highest saving rates in the world, with households typically saving at least around ten % of their income, and often much more. During the Covid-19 pandemic, German households increased their savings even further, reaching a savings rate of 28% in March 2020. This highlights how people tend to save more during times of uncertainty.
Consumption and saving are interconnected
Consumption, which refers to what households spend on goods and services, is a significant part of the economy, making up over two-thirds of the US economy. People generally consume more when they earn more. Saving, on the other hand, involves setting aside money to spend in the future. It is essential to strike a balance between current consumption and future savings, with the amount saved determining future consumption.
Consumption smoothing and factors influencing saving
Consumption smoothing involves evenly distributing spending over one's lifetime instead of experiencing extreme variations in consumption levels. This can include borrowing money during periods of low income, like when studying, and saving for the future during peak earning stages. Permanent income and expectations about future income play a role in determining how much people should borrow or save. Other factors influencing saving decisions include macroeconomic factors, access to credit, social factors, and personal goals.
We all make decisions about when to spend our money and when to save for our future selves. Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers show you the tools to make the right spending and saving choices at different times of your life, and what it all means for the macroeconomy.
Co-host: Nastaran Tavakoli-Far. Editor: Alastair Elphick. A Modulated Media production.