The Iran nuclear deal

7 snips

Jul 15, 2025

Cathy Ashton, a notable figure in international diplomacy and former EU High Representative, recounts her role in the groundbreaking Iran nuclear deal of 2015. She shares insights on the delicate balancing act faced by negotiators amid high stakes and skepticism. From unconventional distractions like doodling to the complexities of cultural respect, the journey of reaching an agreement is vividly portrayed. Ashton also reflects on the consequences of the U.S. withdrawal in 2018, highlighting its impact on global security and diplomatic relations.

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ANECDOTE

Ashton Faces Global Pressure

Cathy Ashton learned early her role included the crucial Iran nuclear negotiations.
She felt the heavy weight of global pressure to prevent nuclear war.

INSIGHT

Uranium Levels Signal Intent

Uranium enrichment above 20% strongly indicates weapon development intent.
Iran's nuclear enrichment beyond civilian levels raised international suspicion.

ANECDOTE

Secret Talks Complicate Deal

The US secretly negotiated with Iran, sidelining other partners.
Ashton struggled to manage trust and correct misinformation among allies.

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On 14 July 2015, Iran agreed to temporarily limit its nuclear programme. The deal was signed in Vienna, the capital of Austria.

Officially known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), it was agreed between Iran and a group of world powers known as the P5+1 – the US, UK, France, China, Russia and Germany, together with the EU.

The accord came after years of tension over Iran’s alleged efforts to develop a nuclear weapon. Iran insisted that its nuclear programme was entirely peaceful, but much of the international community did not believe that. Iran agreed to limit its nuclear programme and facilitate international inspections, in return for economic sanctions relief.

Baroness Catherine Ashton, who was the European Union’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, tells Ben Henderson how the plan was achieved.

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(Photo: Baroness Catherine Ashton and Javad Mohammad Zarif, Iranian Foreign Minister, during nuclear negotiations in 2014. Credit: Dieter Nagl/AFP via Getty Images)