Dr. Carl June discusses his pioneering work in CAR T therapy, his journey into T cell immunology, the challenges in treating solid tumors, and the potential solutions in cancer treatment.
CAR T-cell therapy has revolutionized leukemia treatment by engineering a patient's immune cells to target and eliminate cancer cells.
The treatment of solid tumors with CAR T-cell therapy presents unique challenges, but ongoing advancements in gene editing technologies offer promising solutions.
Deep dives
Key Point 1: The Evolution of CAR T-cell Therapy and Its Success in Treating Leukemias
CAR T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of leukemias by engineering a patient's own immune cells to recognize and target cancer cells. The therapy has shown remarkable success in treating both adult and pediatric leukemias, with high complete response rates. The CAR T-cells, once infused into the patient, not only kill the cancer cells but also divide and replicate, creating a persistent and long-lasting immune response. The therapy has demonstrated long-term remissions, even in high-risk patients, making it an effective and promising approach for leukemia treatment.
Key Point 2: Challenges and Innovations in Solid Tumor Treatment with CAR T-cell Therapy
While CAR T-cell therapy has been highly successful in treating leukemias, the treatment of solid tumors presents unique challenges. One major challenge is finding ideal targets for solid tumors, unlike the well-defined target CD19 for leukemias. Another challenge is penetrating solid tumor barriers and creating a favorable microenvironment for the CAR T-cells to function efficiently. However, ongoing advancements in gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR, offer promising solutions to enhance the potency and safety of CAR T-cell therapy. Despite the challenges, the field is rapidly evolving, and there is optimism that innovation and continued research will overcome these barriers.
Key Point 3: The Future of Cancer Treatment and Hope for a Cure
The field of cancer treatment, particularly through CAR T-cell therapy, holds great promise for the future. While the ultimate goal is to cure cancer entirely, there are various approaches being explored. One approach is turning cancer into a manageable chronic condition, where patients live with cancer rather than die from it. Another approach is cancer interception, detecting and treating cancer at its early stages, which may be more effective and less invasive. With ongoing research and advancements in technology, including cancer vaccines and early-stage diagnosis, there is a growing hope that cancer can be effectively managed and ultimately cured.
Carl June, MD, an immunologist and oncologist at the University of Pennsylvania, joins Jorge Conde, general partner at a16z Bio + Health.
Together, Carl and Jorge talked about Carl's pioneering work in CAR T therapy — including the terrifying moment where he thought he had accelerated one of his patient's deaths, how he started working in human immunology, and his take on where cancer treatment is headed next.
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