The podcast explores the economic aspects of modern imperialism and the falling rate of profit. It discusses the distinction between colonialism and imperialism, examines different definitions of imperialism, and debates the relevance of Marx's rate of profit argument. The complexities of outsourced production in relation to imperialism are also explored, along with the potential impact of expanding data on G20 and G7 countries. The concept of modern imperialism is discussed, including the role of frontier economies, rent, and the finance sector in shaping imperialism.
The transfer of surplus value from low-tech dominated countries to high-tech imperialist countries is a defining aspect of modern imperialism.
A small group of advanced technological countries, primarily the G7, remains dominant in the imperialist block, while countries like China do not fit the definition of an imperialist country based on the transfer of surplus value.
The falling rate of profit, caused by increased investment in technology relative to labor, contributes to the transfer of value from dominated to imperialist countries and can lead to future economic crises.
Deep dives
The Economics of Modern Imperialism and Marxist Labor Theory of Value
This podcast episode discusses the economics of modern imperialism and its analysis through the prism of Marxist labor theory of value. It emphasizes the role of economies in determining various features of imperialism and the transfer of surplus value. The paper argues that the persistent appropriation of surplus value by high-tech imperialist countries from low-tech dominated countries is a defining aspect of modern imperialism. It highlights the importance of technology and persistent unequal levels of technology as conditions for this transfer of value. The episode also explores the long-term tendency of the rate of profit to fall and its relationship to imperialism.
Imperialism, Sub-Imperialism, and Imperialist Blocks
The episode examines the distinction between imperialism and sub-imperialism and addresses the question of whether various countries, particularly in the Brics group, can be considered imperialist. The analysis finds that the dominance of a small group of imperialist countries, primarily the G7, remains largely unaltered over the last century. While some countries may engage in sub-imperialist behavior, the evidence suggests that a clear imperialist block exists, dominated by a few advanced technological countries that extract significant surplus value from the rest of the world. The paper concludes that China, despite its growth and technological advancements, does not fit the definition of an imperialist country based on the transfer of surplus value.
The Relationship Between Profitability, Investment, and Slumps
The podcast explores the relationship between profitability, investment, and economic slumps. It argues that the overaccumulation of investment relative to profit, caused by a falling rate of profit, leads to a crisis of overproduction and a subsequent slump. The falling rate of profit is rooted in the tendency of capitalists to invest more in technology relative to labor, resulting in a rise in the organic composition of capital. This tendency, combined with fierce competition between capitalists globally, contributes to a transfer of value from dominated to imperialist countries. The episode also highlights the importance of analyzing key economic indicators, such as profitability, productivity, and investment, to understand the trajectory of capitalism and potential future crises.
The Tendency of Falling Rate of Profit
During the neoliberal period, the rate of profit in major economies experienced a rise, but it didn't restore the levels seen in the 1960s. The rate of profit peaked after the Great Recession in 2008, but then declined again after COVID. This downward trend suggests a long-term tendency in the rate of profit, supported by empirical evidence from various economists. The decline in profitability has implications for imperialism, as imperialist countries seek to counteract it by increasing the rate of exploitation and expanding to less exploited regions of the world. This intensifies rivalry between imperialist economies, particularly regarding China and Russia.
Debate on the Falling Rate of Profit
The tendency of the falling rate of profit is a debated topic among economists. Many mainstream and heterodox economists do not consider profit and profitability when discussing crises in capitalism. Some argue that the tendency is indeterminate and based on a bad translation of Marx's work, while others question its relevance to understanding crises. However, empirical evidence globally supports the long-term tendency of declining profitability. While Marxists have differing opinions regarding the law of the tendency, recent research suggests its importance in explaining crises and the challenges capitalism faces, particularly as it runs out of cheap labor power.
How does imperialism function economically today? What constitutes economic imperialism and what is the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall? In this episode, Lukas Slothuus and Ashok Kumar ask Michael Roberts, co-author (with Guiglielmo Carchedi) of the The Economics of Modern Imperialism, from the most recent journal issue 29.4 of Historical Materialism. The article is open-access and free for all.