Ep. 292: “Biomedical Ethics” Featuring Prof. Hank Greely
Apr 15, 2025
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Professor Hank Greely, a leading bioethics expert at Stanford University, shares insights on his intriguing journey into the field of biomedical ethics. He delves into the ethical implications surrounding organoids and embryo models, raising questions about future reproductive technologies like gametogenesis and ectogenesis. Greely emphasizes the necessity of ethical frameworks as scientific advancements challenge traditional views on genetics and decision-making in reproduction, highlighting the balance between innovation and moral responsibility in modern medicine.
Professor Hank Greely emphasizes the crucial ethical considerations in biomedical research to maintain public trust amidst rapid technological advancements.
Recent breakthroughs in organoid research, including innovative assembloids, provide promising models for studying complex neural connectivity and disorders.
The potential evolution of human reproduction through advancements like in vitro gametogenesis and genome editing raises significant ethical and societal implications.
Deep dives
Exploration of Biomedical Ethics
The podcast features an in-depth discussion on biomedical ethics, particularly framed by the insights of Professor Hank Greeley from Stanford University. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the ethical implications surrounding emerging technologies in fields like genetics and neuroscience. The conversation highlights how scientists must navigate complex moral landscapes while ensuring public trust in scientific advancements. Ethical considerations are crucial in guiding research practices and fostering responsible innovation in biomedicine.
Advancements in Organ Models
Recent breakthroughs in organoid and assembloid research are discussed, showcasing their potential to model human brain function and physiological processes. Innovations led by researchers, such as those in Sergio Pasca's lab, have resulted in intricate assembloids that replicate neural connectivity. These models open doors to studying neurodevelopmental disorders and pain mechanisms, offering promising avenues for future therapeutic interventions. The development and application of such systems lead to a better understanding of complex neural networks and potential treatments.
Immune Evasion in Stem Cell Therapy
The podcast touches on the development of immune-evasive stem cell therapies, which aim to address the challenges associated with organ rejection. A custom human pluripotent stem cell line has been engineered to evade immune responses, promising advancements in treating conditions like Parkinson's disease. This innovative approach reduces the need for immunosuppressive drugs while potentially enhancing the functionality of grafts. The incorporation of safety mechanisms, such as suicide genes, further guarantees controlled outcomes in stem cell therapies.
The Discovery of Peripheral Neural Stem Cells
A recent discovery indicates that peripheral neural stem cells exist outside the central nervous system, challenging long-held beliefs in neuroscience. These cells, initially thought to be restricted to the CNS, demonstrate the capability to self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glial cells. This new understanding opens possibilities for regenerative medicine within the peripheral nervous system and expands the context of neural plasticity. The researchers’ unexpected findings emerged from attempts to reproduce earlier controversial studies, leading to significant biological insights.
Navigating the Future of Human Reproduction
Professor Greeley shares insights into the future of human reproduction, particularly the implications of in vitro gametogenesis and genome editing. As advancements allow for the creation of gametes from pluripotent stem cells, this could revolutionize reproductive technologies. The potential for gene editing to address genetic disorders raises ethical questions about human enhancement and the selection of traits. The dialogue surrounding these innovations emphasizes the importance of responsible communication between scientists and the public for a well-informed discourse on the implications of such technologies.
Professor Hank Greely is the Deane F. and Kate Edelman Johnson Professor of Law and Professor, by courtesy, of Genetics at Stanford University. He is also the Director of the Stanford Center for Law and the Biosciences. He talks about his career path into bioethics and ethical considerations for organoids, bodyoids, and embryo models. He also discusses the potential future of reproduction, including gametogenesis, ectogenesis, and genetic selection and editing of embryos. (35:47)
Somatosensory Assembloids – A four-part assembloid integrates somatosensory, spinal, thalamic and cortical organoids to model the spinothalamic pathway. (1:25)
Cell Therapy for Kidney Disease – Expanded hiPSC-derived nephron progenitor cells may be useful cell therapies for acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. (28:00)
