S6 Ep6: Why the war on drugs has failed with Alex Stevens
Aug 14, 2024
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In this engaging discussion, Alex Stevens, a Professor of Criminology at the University of Sheffield and author of "Drug Policy Constellations," delves into the failures of the war on drugs in Britain. He highlights the irony of increasing drug use despite strict punitive measures and describes the complex socio-economic factors driving substance consumption. Stevens advocates for decriminalization and explores the benefits of cannabis legalization, emphasizing health-focused, evidence-based reforms to tackle the pressing drug crisis effectively.
The war on drugs in Britain has failed significantly, as punitive measures have not deterred drug use and often worsen societal issues.
Addressing the root causes of addiction through progressive decriminalization and trauma-informed treatment is essential for effective drug policy reform.
Deep dives
The Ineffectiveness of the War on Drugs
The war on drugs in Britain has proven largely ineffective, with drug use continuing at high levels despite crackdowns and punitive measures. Evidence suggests that incarceration often exacerbates drug problems, introducing offenders to more substance use rather than deterring them. Moreover, police interventions frequently lead to increased usage among those confronted. This highlights a systemic failure, where moral declarations in drug policy are not grounded in evidence or effective strategies to combat addiction.
The Scale of Drug Use and Related Deaths
Approximately 10% of the adult population in Britain uses illicit drugs annually, with the most affected demographic being young adults, particularly students. Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit drug, but heroin use poses the most significant public health crisis, leading to a staggering increase in drug-related deaths since around 2010. Over 4,500 deaths annually are attributed to drugs, with a large portion involving heroin in combination with other substances. The emergence of potent synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, raises additional concerns about the potential for escalating fatal overdoses.
The Socioeconomic Factors Driving Drug Use
Drug use is often driven by both pleasure-seeking behaviors and underlying social deprivation. While affluent groups may engage in drug use, problematic use is typically more prevalent among disadvantaged populations, often as a result of adverse childhood experiences and ongoing socioeconomic challenges. Dependence on drugs, especially heroin, becomes a way for individuals to escape their dire circumstances, leading to a cycle of addiction that is hard to break. Addressing these social conditions is crucial to curbing substance abuse and its related harms.
Towards Progressive Drug Policy Reform
A more effective approach to drug policy may involve progressive decriminalization, starting with the decriminalization of possession for personal use. Successful models from various countries suggest that humane treatment and understanding of addiction can replace punitive methods without increasing drug use. Evidence points toward the need for person-centered, trauma-informed treatment systems to support individuals struggling with substance use. Acknowledging the collective nature of drug issues and fostering open discussions around drug-related policies can help create healthier societal frameworks.
No war has been more of a failure than the war on drugs. Despite all the crackdowns, prison sentences and moral posturing, drug use in Britain is on an epic scale. Yet, drug debate and policy are full of moral declarations, with evidence often being made to take a backseat. Why is this?
Alex Stevens is a professor of Criminology at the University of Sheffield (having recently moved from the University of Kent). He was a member of the UK Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs from 2014 to 2019, and President of the International Society for the Study of Drug Policy from 2015 to 2019. And he’s just published a book, Drug Policy Constellations: The Role of Power and Morality in the Making of Drug Policy in the UK.
Season 6 of the We Society Podcast from the Academy of Social Sciences continues to tackle the big questions through a social science lens. Throughout this series, you'll be hearing some of the best ideas to shape the way we live.
Hosted by journalist and Academy President Will Hutton, we interview some of Britain’s top social scientists and public figures from across the globe to explore their evidence-led solutions to society’s most pressing problems.
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