Dear Miss Perkins: A Story of Frances Perkins's Efforts to Aid Refugees from Nazi Germany
Jan 9, 2025
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Dr. Rebecca Brenner Graham, a postdoctoral research associate at Brown University and author of 'Dear Miss Perkins,' delves into the remarkable life of Frances Perkins, the first female member of a U.S. presidential cabinet. As Secretary of Labor, Perkins fought against antisemitism to support German-Jewish refugees during the Nazi regime. Graham discusses Perkins' transformative experiences at Hull House and the Triangle Shirtwaist fire, showcasing her commitment to social justice and immigration reform amid the challenges of her time.
Frances Perkins's early experiences in social work and education profoundly shaped her commitment to social justice and labor reform.
As Labor Secretary, Perkins innovatively navigated exclusionary immigration policies to advocate for Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany despite facing significant governmental resistance.
Deep dives
Frances Perkins' Early Influences
Frances Perkins, the first woman cabinet secretary, was deeply influenced by her formative experiences at Mount Holyoke College and through her volunteer work at Hull House. These experiences shifted her perspective on social justice, highlighting the systemic nature of poverty and injustice rather than personal failings. Witnessing the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire had a profound impact on her, as it underscored the human cost of inadequate labor protections and the necessity for reform. Perkins' early career, shaped by her commitment to education and social work, laid the groundwork for her later advocacy for immigrants and workers' rights.
Challenges in Immigration Policy
During her tenure as Labor Secretary, Perkins faced the daunting challenge of navigating an immigration policy designed for exclusion rather than inclusion, particularly amid the rising threat of Nazi Germany. While she sought to reform the system to allow for the humane treatment of refugees, Perkins often encountered resistance from within the government. Her idea of using charge bonds to facilitate the entry of refugees exemplified her innovative approach to tackling bureaucratic obstacles. Despite these efforts, many of her proposals, such as mortgaging quotas, were met with opposition, illustrating the complexities of implementing compassionate immigration policies during a time of national and global crisis.
The Human Cost of Policy Decisions
Perkins was acutely aware of the human costs associated with her policy decisions, especially regarding the plight of Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution. Through letters she received, her emotional connection to those seeking refuge became evident, prompting her to advocate for child refugees in particular. This led to the establishment of programs that provided some limited asylum for children while sadly excluding their parents, reflecting the tragic realities of her time. Perkins' efforts to reform Ellis Island and her work with organizations supporting refugee children highlighted her commitment to protecting the vulnerable, despite the overwhelming barriers she faced.
Legacy of Frances Perkins
Frances Perkins' legacy is one of resilience and determination in the face of systemic challenges, as she not only played a critical role in shaping the New Deal but also in saving countless lives through her advocacy for refugee policies. Despite her significant contributions, Perkins often remained in the background, highlighting the broader societal trends of devaluing women's achievements. The increasing recognition of her influence on American history today underlines her importance as a figure for social justice and policy reform. It is essential that her story serves as a rallying point for those advocating for compassionate and effective immigration reform in contemporary society.
Our book is: Dear Miss Perkins: A Story of Frances Perkins’s Efforts To Aid Refugees from Nazi Germany (Citadel Press, 2025) by Dr. Rebecca Brenner Graham, which is an inspiring new narrative of the first woman to serve in a president’s cabinet, the longest-serving Labor Secretary, and an architect of the New Deal. In March 1933, at the height of the Great Depression, Frances Perkins was appointed Secretary of Labor by FDR. As Hitler rose to power, thousands of German-Jewish refugees and their loved ones reached out to the INS—then part of the Department of Labor—applying for immigration to the United States, writing letters that began “Dear Miss Perkins . . .” Perkins’s early experiences working in Chicago’s famed Hull House and as a firsthand witness to the horrific Triangle Shirtwaist fire shaped her determination to advocate for immigrants and refugees. As Secretary of Labor, she wrestled widespread antisemitism and isolationism, finding creative ways to work around quotas and restrictive immigration laws. Diligent, resilient, empathetic, yet steadfast, she persisted on behalf of the desperate when others refused to act.
Our guest is: Dr Rebecca Brenner Graham who is a postdoctoral research associate at Brown University. Previously, she taught at the Madeira School and American University. She has a PhD in history and an MA in public history from American University, and a BA in history and philosophy from Mount Holyoke College. In 2023, she was awarded a Cokie Roberts Fellowship from the National Archives Foundation and a Rubenstein Center Research Fellowship from the White House Historical Association. Her writing has been published in The Washington Post, Time, Slate, the Los Angeles Review of Books, and elsewhere.
Our host is: Dr. Christina Gessler, who is the creator, producer and show host of the Academic Life podcast.
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