In this podcast, the hosts discuss the problems arising from the use of machine learning algorithms in welfare systems across Europe. They explore 'suspicion machines' that generate suspicion of certain groups in need of welfare benefits. The podcast also delves into a case study on a model deployed by Rotterdam to detect fraud, including the limitations of the dataset and the impact of being flagged for investigation. The speakers discuss the process of building a predictive model for Rotterdam and the challenges and questions surrounding systems with probabilistic assessment.
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Quick takeaways
The podcast highlights the limitations and flaws of machine learning systems in real-world settings, emphasizing the need to learn from these flaws to create more trustworthy AI systems.
The discussion focuses on suspicion machines in European welfare systems, revealing how flawed data and features contribute to discriminatory outcomes and raise questions about fairness and ethics.
Deep dives
Understanding the Flaws in Deployed Machine Learning Systems
The podcast explores the limitations and flaws in machine learning systems that are currently deployed in real-world settings. The guests discuss how the focus on AI dangers overlooks the existing problems with deployed machine learning systems. They highlight the need to learn from these flaws to create better and more trustworthy AI systems in the future. The discussion centers around suspicion machines, specifically the use of predictive risk assessments in European welfare systems. These systems assign risk scores to individuals and rank them by their alleged risk of welfare fraud, leading to investigations and potential benefit cuts. The guests emphasize that suspicion machines often generate suspicion of different groups trying to receive welfare benefits, and they highlight the consequences and punitiveness faced by individuals flagged by these systems.
Unveiling the Problems with the Suspicion Machines
The podcast delves into the details of suspicion machines by discussing a specific case study in the Dutch city of Rotterdam. The guests detail their journey to access the source code and model files of the deployed machine learning system in Rotterdam's welfare system. They explain that the model is a gradient boosting machine that ingests 314 variables and outputs risk scores. However, they highlight the flaws in the data and labels used for training the model, including biases, subjective variables, and flawed selection processes. The model's performance is evaluated, and it is found to have only a slight improvement over random guessing in detecting fraud. The discussion emphasizes how the flawed data and features contribute to discriminatory outcomes and raise questions about the fairness and ethics of using such systems.
Importance of Transparency and Holistic Fairness in AI Systems
The podcast advocates for increased transparency in machine learning systems and the understanding of their internal workings. The guests highlight the importance of making these systems public, debunking the misconception that transparency allows fraudsters to exploit the systems. They call for discussions around the holistic fairness of AI, including considerations of training data, input features, model types, and outcome fairness. The conversation also touches on questions surrounding explainability, equal treatment, and the value of human decision-making. While acknowledging the flaws and incompetencies in many existing systems, the guests stress the potential for improvement through careful consideration at each step of the process.
Looking Towards the Future of AI and Responsible Implementation
The podcast concludes by exploring the future of AI and responsible implementation. The guests express hope for more discussions on transparency, fairness, and consequences of AI systems. They encourage practitioners to think beyond the deployment of systems solely focused on detection and fraud prevention and consider other societal impacts. They urge a broader perspective that takes into account eligibility detection, reducing fear of using welfare benefits, and alternative uses of AI systems. The guests call for thoughtful consideration of ethics, fairness, and the value of human interaction as AI technology continues to advance.
In this enlightening episode, we delve deeper than the usual buzz surrounding AI’s perils, focusing instead on the tangible problems emerging from the use of machine learning algorithms across Europe. We explore “suspicion machines” — systems that assign scores to welfare program participants, estimating their likelihood of committing fraud. Join us as Justin and Gabriel share insights from their thorough investigation, which involved gaining access to one of these models and meticulously analyzing its behavior.
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