Universe Today Podcast [Interview] Improving Nuclear Power Generators for Future Space Missions
Jun 23, 2025
Tyler Bernstein, Co-founder and CEO of Xenopower, explores the fascinating world of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) in space missions. He highlights the limits of solar power and the need for alternatives in extreme environments. The discussion dives into various isotopes, their roles in energy generation, and how Stirling engines can improve efficiency. Tyler sheds light on the future of nuclear power in lunar explorations and the potential for creating sustainable human presence on the Moon. It's a riveting look at the intersection of energy and space!
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Basics of RTGs
- RTGs produce long-lasting power by converting heat from radioisotope decay into electricity using thermocouples.
- This technology has powered spacecraft like Voyagers for over 50 years reliably.
Plutonium-238 Dominates RTGs
- Plutonium-238 is the premier isotope for RTGs due to its alpha decay, shielding ease, and 87-year half-life.
- Its scarcity limits missions to one or two per decade despite high demand.
Isotope Selection Factors
- Isotope choice depends on half-life, radiation type, shielding needs, and availability.
- Tradeoffs exist between power, safety, weight, and scalability for different isotopes like strontium-90 and americium-241.