Revisited: fascism and farce at the 1936 Olympics – Forgotten Stories of Football podcast
Dec 12, 2024
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Explore the dark underbelly of the 1936 Olympics, where Nazi propaganda clashed with the spirit of sportsmanship. Hear about the British team's defiance against the Nazi salute and the hilarious preparations overshadowed by political tension. Discover the chaos of the Austria-Peru match, rife with conspiracy and racial tensions. Unravel the mysteries of Peru's controversial absence and the dramatic final match that wrapped up a tumultuous tournament. It's a riveting mix of sports history, irony, and defiance.
13:37
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Quick takeaways
The Nazis strategically manipulated football as a propaganda tool by promoting it while expelling Jewish athletes and restructuring clubs.
The controversial events during the 1936 Olympics, particularly the abandoned match between Austria and Peru, highlighted deep-seated concerns over fairness and bias in sports.
Deep dives
Nazi Influence on Football
The Nazis recognized football's potential as a tool for propaganda and national pride, leading to their promotion of the sport across Germany. As part of their regime, they dismantled worker and church-run clubs, replacing them with organizations aligned with their ideology, which included barring Jewish athletes from participation. In preparation for the 1936 Berlin Olympics, the Nazis ensured that anti-Jewish imagery was concealed to present an image of a unified and strong Germany. The intention was to leverage football's popularity to showcase their strength, as matches were certain to fill stadiums and generate revenue.
British Team's Olympic Journey
The British football team's participation in the 1936 Olympics was marked by mixed performance and controversial encounters. They had not fielded a team since 1920 but ultimately put together a roster of players from the four home nations, emphasizing adherence to amateur values. During their matches, the squad was presented as part of Nazi propaganda, even meeting Hitler under duress to shake his hand, a moment that left an indelible stain on their memories. Notably, despite the pressure to conform, the players rebelled against Nazi expectations by refusing to perform a Nazi salute before matches.
Controversies and Injustices
The tournament was fraught with disputes, especially highlighted during the controversial quarterfinal match between Austria and Peru. After an extraordinary comeback, a pitch invasion led to the match being abandoned, creating widespread allegations of a Nazi conspiracy to thwart Peru's potential victory. Peru's withdrawal from a scheduled replay due to unease about the fairness of the proceedings only intensified the international outrage and protests back home. Ultimately, this incident left lingering questions about fairness and bias in the tournament, reflecting the broader tensions of the time.
In this special episode from our archive: how Nazi bullying and controversial victories overshadowed Italy’s gold medal at the Berlin Games Because of industrial action taking place by members of the National Union of Journalists at the Guardian and Observer this week, we are re-running an episode from our archive.. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/footballweeklypod
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