David Benatar, author of 'Very Practical Ethics,' joins philosopher Rebecca Tuvel to dissect the nature of bullshit. They explore whether bullshitters are aware of their deceit and categorize forms of bullshit found in academia and daily life. The duo discusses the ethics of calling out dishonesty, the tragedy of collective nonsense, and the tension between personal and social responsibility. They also delve into the role of satire and language in highlighting bullshit and strategies for navigating today's misinformation landscape.
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question_answer ANECDOTE
The Monkey and the Lion
David Benatar tells a joke about a monkey, a giraffe, an elephant, and a lion.
The monkey's story changes depending on who he's talking to, illustrating how bullshit adapts to context.
insights INSIGHT
Defining Bullshit
Bullshit is a fuzzy concept, lacking clear-cut definitions.
Philosophers like Harry Frankfurt and G.A. Cohen offer different perspectives, focusing on disregard for truth and unclarifiable unclarity, respectively.
question_answer ANECDOTE
Bullshit in the New York Times
A New York Times article about Kamala Harris' mother's lab is given as an example of bullshit.
Claims about respectful treatment of mice and a reversed gender hierarchy are deemed nonsensical in the context of animal experimentation.
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In 'Practical Ethics,' Peter Singer provides a comprehensive introduction to applied ethics. The book delves into the principles of ethics, emphasizing the role of rationality in moral decision-making. Singer discusses a range of ethical issues including race, sex, ability, species, abortion, euthanasia, infanticide, embryo experimentation, animal rights, political violence, overseas aid, and environmental concerns. He advocates for a utilitarian approach, arguing that it offers a practical framework for addressing moral conflicts by maximizing well-being and reducing suffering. The book also explores the concept of effective altruism, urging readers to consider their moral obligations to assist those in extreme poverty and to act in ways that maximize the impact of their charitable actions. The third edition includes a new chapter on climate change, one of the most pressing ethical challenges of our time[1][2][4].
To Kill a Mockingbird
Harper Lee
Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird" is a classic novel that explores themes of racial injustice, childhood innocence, and moral courage in the American South. The story is narrated by Scout Finch, a young girl who witnesses the trial of Tom Robinson, a Black man falsely accused of a crime. Lee's powerful storytelling captures the complexities of race relations in the Jim Crow South, highlighting the prejudice and injustice faced by Black people. The novel's enduring appeal lies in its exploration of universal themes of empathy, compassion, and the importance of standing up for what is right. It remains a powerful reminder of the ongoing struggle for racial equality in America.
Bullshit Jobs
A Theory
David Graeber
In 'Bullshit Jobs: A Theory', David Graeber argues that a significant portion of jobs in modern society are meaningless and contribute little to no value. He categorizes these jobs into five types: flunkies, goons, duct tapers, box tickers, and taskmasters. Graeber contends that these jobs are not only inefficient but also psychologically destructive, leading to chronic misery and social divisions. The book is based on his 2013 essay 'On the Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs' and includes testimonials from workers who feel their jobs are pointless. Graeber suggests solutions such as unions and universal basic income to address the issue of meaningless work.
On Bullshit
Harry Frankfurt
In 'On Bullshit', Harry G. Frankfurt argues that bullshitters misrepresent themselves to their audience not by deliberately making false claims, but by conveying a certain impression without concern for whether anything is true. He distinguishes bullshitting from lying, noting that liars at least acknowledge the importance of truth, whereas bullshitters disregard it entirely. Frankfurt contends that excessive indulgence in bullshit can undermine the capacity to tell the truth in a way that lying does not, making bullshit a greater enemy of truth than lies. The book explores the prevalence of bullshit in modern society and its implications for communication and truth[1][3][5].
Are there different kinds of bullshit? Do bullshitters know they are full of it? What should we do to stem the tide?
Brain in a Vat 
