Historical expert Tom Crewe discusses the last men hanged in England for sodomy in the 1830s, revealing Londoners' ambivalence towards 'unnatural crimes'. He explores how crimes were euphemistically spoken of, the reluctance to talk about certain topics, and the surprising societal perceptions of that time.
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Quick takeaways
Societal attitudes towards homosexuality in the 19th century involved a hidden but prevalent presence of gay sexuality, highlighting the complexities of public perceptions and legal enforcement.
Literary works of the era, like Jane Austen's 'Mansfield Park,' subtly addressed homosexual themes through coded language, showcasing an awareness of same-sex relationships within societal norms.
Deep dives
James Pratt and John Smith: Ordinary Men with Tragic Fates
James Pratt and John Smith, two ordinary working-class men in 1835, met at a house in Southwark and were arrested for engaging in a sexual act, discovered and reported by the homeowners. Although they were part of a larger world, their involvement in a rare incident of witnessed sexual activity led to their tragic fate. The case illustrates the common but hidden presence of gay sexuality in society, with their story revealing the complexities of societal attitudes and legal enforcement during that time.
Legal Language and Euphemisms in Historical Context
The legal records and witness statements from cases involving homosexuality in the 19th century often revealed explicit details about gay sex, showcasing the juxtaposition between a public language of avoidance and a private awareness of homosexual acts. The court proceedings and societal perceptions provided a lens into the everyday existence and risks faced by individuals involved in same-sex relationships. This interplay of visible yet unspoken aspects of gay life demonstrates the complexity of societal views on homosexuality and the challenges of openly discussing such matters.
Homosexuality in 19th Century Literature: Coded References and Realities
Literary works of the 19th century, such as Jane Austen's 'Mansfield Park,' hinted at homosexual themes through coded language and nuanced references, reflecting an awareness of same-sex relationships within broader social circles. Authors like Austen navigated the delicate balance of acknowledging taboo subjects while maintaining societal norms in their writings. The use of euphemisms and divergent narratives in literature mirrored the intricate dynamics of homosexuality during that era, offering glimpses into concealed aspects of human experience and relationships.
Evolution of Legal Treatment and Public Perception of Homosexuality
The historical progression of legal reforms and societal attitudes towards homosexuality, exemplified by cases like that of James Pratt and John Smith, reflects a broader shift in perspectives on same-sex relationships within British law and culture. Reforms aimed at decriminalizing homosexual acts and reducing punitive measures emerged alongside evolving public sentiments and political discourse. The complex interplay between legal enforcement, public outcry, and individual experiences underscores the transformative journey towards greater acceptance and recognition of LGBTQ individuals within society.
James Pratt and John Smith were the last men hanged in England for the crime of sodomy, reported to the authorities by nosy landlords who later petitioned for clemency. Tom Crewe joins Thomas Jones to explain how exceptional – and unexceptional – the case was, the historical forces that led to the death sentence and the surprising ambivalence many Londoners felt about ‘unnatural crimes’ in the 1830s.