Surekha Davies, "Humans: A Monstrous History" (U California Press, 2025)
Mar 23, 2025
auto_awesome
Surekha Davies, an award-winning historian of science, unveils the intricate relationship between humans and their monstrous counterparts in her forthcoming book. She discusses how cultural definitions of humanity have evolved alongside representations of monsters, from ancient myths to modern AI. The conversation dives into themes of race, identity, and colonial fears, revealing how societal norms have historically marginalized communities. With compelling storytelling, Davies encourages listeners to reflect on these narratives and their implications for the future.
Monstrosity has historically been used to justify exclusion and exploitation, shaping societal views on race and power dynamics.
Gender plays a critical role in the concept of monstrosity, influencing societal expectations and narratives surrounding women's identities and behaviors.
Deep dives
The Evolution of Monstrous Concepts
The concept of what constitutes a monster has evolved throughout history, tracing back to ancient civilizations where monsters were seen as beings that broke boundaries between categories such as human, animal, or divine. In ancient Greece and Rome, monsters often manifested as physical anomalies, driven by climate or divine intervention, reflecting societal anxieties regarding the malleability of human bodies. These ideas persisted through European colonialism, where encounters between Europeans and indigenous peoples led to the labeling of entire groups as 'monstrous,' often justifying colonization and exploitation through perceived differences. This historical context underlines how definitions of monstrosity are deeply intertwined with issues of race and power dynamics, revealing the societal influences that shape our understanding of abnormality.
Monstrification and Nation-Building
The process of monstrification also plays a crucial role in nation-building by delineating who belongs within a nation and who is deemed an outsider. Historical narratives illustrate how European colonizers constructed identities based on perceived racial and cultural hierarchies, categorizing indigenous populations and enslaved Africans as lesser beings unworthy of full citizenship. This notion of purity, particularly evident during the Spanish Reconquista, defined national identity through religious and racial lines, impacting the social fabric of empires. By framing certain groups as monstrous, societies create legal and social frameworks that justify exclusion, ensuring the dominance of particular identities while marginalizing others.
Gender, Monstrosity, and Expectations
Gender has always been a significant factor in the discourse surrounding monstrosity, with women often positioned as inherently dangerous or capable of monstrosity due to societal expectations. Historical perceptions portrayed women as both physically and psychologically malleable, suggesting that their actions and thoughts could lead to the birth of 'monstrous' offspring or be perceived as deviations from the norm. This framing continues to perpetuate stereotypes around female behavior, linking women's identities to their reproductive capabilities and societal roles. Such monstrous associations not only shape historical narratives but also resonate in contemporary discussions about gender norms, illustrating an ongoing struggle against the labels and expectations imposed on women.
Modern Implications of Monstrous Narratives
In the modern era, the consequences of monstrous narratives persist, influencing how individuals and groups are perceived in society. The book highlights the dangers of dehumanization through technology and policymaking, as contemporary narratives often portray certain populations as threats based on stereotypes or prejudices. This evolution into the realm of artificial intelligence and digital interactions underscores the urgency of recognizing and challenging these narratives, as they can lead to the erosion of empathy and social cohesion. By embracing the idea that everyone possesses unique qualities—emphasizing our shared humanity—we can work towards dismantling the harmful constructs associated with monstrosity and build a more inclusive society.
Monsters are central to how we think about the human condition. Join award-winning historian of science in Humans: A Monstrous History (University of California Press, 2025) by Dr. Surekha Davies as she reveals how people have defined the human in relation to everything from apes to zombies, and how they invented race, gender, and nations along the way. With rich, evocative storytelling that braids together ancient gods and generative AI, Frankenstein's monster and E.T., Humans: A Monstrous History shows how monster-making is about control: it defines who gets to count as normal.
In an age when corporations increasingly see people as obstacles to profits, this book traces the long, volatile history of monster-making and charts a better path for the future. The result is a profound, effervescent, empowering retelling of the history of the world for anyone who wants to reverse rising inequality and polarization. This is not a history of monsters, but a history through monsters.
This interview was conducted by Dr. Miranda Melcher whose new book focuses on post-conflict military integration, understanding treaty negotiation and implementation in civil war contexts, with qualitative analysis of the Angolan and Mozambican civil wars. You can find Miranda’s episodes on New Books with Miranda Melcher, wherever you get your podcasts.