Nicolas Véron, "Europe's Banking Union at Ten: Unfinished Yet Transformative" (Bruegel, 2024)
Jun 28, 2024
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Nicolas Véron, European banking expert, discusses Europe's Banking Union's ten-year journey, highlighting its transformative yet incomplete nature. The podcast explores the challenges of separating banks from sovereigns, the political dynamics in the European banking sector, the significance of the 2012 political agreement, and the ongoing progress and challenges in the banking union. Véron also recommends two intriguing books on central banking history and French political reflections.
Europe's Banking Union aims to break the harmful link between banks and government solvency.
Nicolas Veron highlights that despite being a decade old, the banking union remains fragile and incomplete.
Deep dives
Creation of the European Banking Union
In 2012, European leaders established the banking union to break the harmful link between banks and government solvency, preventing the collapse of their currency union. Initiated as a crisis response, the banking union aimed to enhance European integration. However, Nicolas Veron highlights that the union, despite its creation a decade ago, remains fragile and incomplete.
Evolution of the Term 'Banking Union'
Nicolas Veron sheds light on the origin of the term 'banking union,' mentioning his interaction with European Commission officials. While he did not coin the term, there was a shift from 'banking federalism' towards 'banking union' for its broader acceptance. Veron's insights provide a historical perspective on the terminology used in discussions about European financial systems.
Political Factors Influencing Banking Union Decisions
The timing and political context around the establishment of the banking union were significant. Political transitions, such as Hollande's election in France, played a role in shifting policies towards banking union support. The interplay between leaders like Schäuble and Macron exemplified the pivotal decisions made to address the eurozone crisis.
Challenges and Unfinished Business in Banking Union
Veron outlines crucial unresolved issues within the banking union, such as sovereign exposures and crisis management frameworks, encapsulated in acronyms like RTSC and CMDI. The complexity of implementing effective resolutions, including deposit insurance and state aid, highlights ongoing challenges in achieving comprehensive banking union regulations.
In 2012, to stave off the collapse of their currency union, Europe’s leaders sought to end the so-called “doom loop” between the solvency of their governments and their banking systems. Two years later, a banking union was born.
Created as a crisis response, like the postwar coal and steel community, this ten-year-old union is another step in Europe’s long integrationist road. Yet – as Nicolas Véron points out in Europe’s Banking Union At Ten: Unfinished Yet Transformative (Bruegel, 2024) - the effort to "break the vicious circle between banks and sovereigns remains fragile and incomplete".
Together with Jean Pisani-Ferry, Nicolas Véron is a co-founder of the Bruegel public-policy think tank in Brussels and a scholar at the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) in Washington. A specialist in financial systems and regulatory reform, he is an alumnus of the École Polytechnique and the École nationale supérieure des mines in Paris and - until 2000 - was a French civil servant. He has written and co-written many papers on banking supervision, crisis management, and Eurozone policy governance.