Rationally Speaking #28 - Live! How To Tell Science From Bunk
Feb 13, 2011
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Philosopher and author, Massimo, discusses science, non-science, and pseudo-science in front of a live audience. Topics include reliability of qualitative vs quantitative sciences, intelligence of physicists, biologists, and psychologists, fixation of evolutionary psychologists on sex, and more.
Hard sciences like physics are perceived as more reliable than soft sciences, yet trust in research varies across disciplines.
Evolutionary psychology faces challenges like sample size impact on statistical significance, emphasizing the importance of testable hypotheses.
Deep dives
The Spectrum of Sciences: Hard, Soft, and Borderline
The podcast episode delves into the distinction between hard and soft sciences, highlighting the varying levels of reliability and trustworthiness within different scientific disciplines. It discusses how the hard sciences, such as physics and chemistry, often receive higher intellectual cachet compared to soft sciences like psychology, but emphasizes that the notion of trust in scientific research is multifaceted. The episode explores historical contexts, experimental repeatability, and overarching theories in different scientific realms to dissect the complexities of reliable research.
Evolutionary Psychology and Experimental Challenges
Another focal point is the domain of evolutionary psychology, particularly its challenges when studying human behavior. The episode critically examines the issues of falsifiability, sample size impact on statistical significance, and the reliability of hypothesis testing within the realm of evolutionary psychology. It underlines the importance of testable hypotheses and population genetics in assessing behaviors that are variable within human populations to elevate evolutionary psychology from potential pseudoscience.
Bayesianism in Science and Pseudoscience
The episode analyzes the applicability of Bayesian analysis in navigating scientific inquiries and pseudoscientific claims. It explores how Bayesian framework could incrementally update the degree of belief in hypotheses based on evolving evidence, specifically spotlighting its potential impact on areas like string theory and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). It delves into the challenges of inadequate evidence in testing hypotheses, indicating a need for continued exploration to assess the contributions of Bayesianism in shaping scientific understanding.
Navigating the Spectrum from Almost Sciences to Pseudoscience
The podcast concludes by scrutinizing the validity of experimental results in the context of almost sciences like string theory and SETI, offering insights on the Bayesian approach to refine priors based on emerging evidence. It also touches upon the blurred lines between science and pseudoscience, discussing publication standards, statistical analysis pitfalls, and the criticality of substantial evidence in distinguishing genuine scientific endeavors from pseudoscientific assertions. The episode provokes contemplation on the evolving landscape of scientific inquiry and the essentiality of evidence-based evaluation in differentiating valid scientific explorations from speculative claims.
Massimo and Julia sit down in front of a live audience at the Jefferson Market Library in New York City for a conversation about science, non-science, and pseudo-science. Based on Massimo's book: "Nonsense on Stilts: How to Tell Science from Bunk" the topics they cover include whether the qualitative sciences are less reliable than quantitative ones, the re-running of the tape of life, and who is smarter: physicists, biologists, or psychologists? Also, why are evolutionary psychologist so fixated on sex?
The live Q&A follows in episode 29
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