Satoru Hashimoto, "Afterlives of Letters: The Transnational Origins of Modern Literature in China, Japan, and Korea" (Columbia UP, 2023)
Oct 11, 2024
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Satoru Hashimoto, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University specializing in comparative thought and literature, dives into the transnational origins of modern literature in China, Japan, and Korea. He explores how 19th-century cultural exchanges reshaped literary norms, emphasizing figures like Liang Qichao and Lu Xun. Hashimoto discusses the role of historical fiction in forging national identities and how literature served as a form of resistance during tumultuous times, showcasing a rich interplay of tradition and modernity across East Asia.
Modern literature in East Asia emerged through transnational exchanges among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean intellectuals during the 19th century.
Writers like Liang Qichao used literature as a tool for political reform, bridging literary traditions and fostering national consciousness.
Deep dives
Transnational Origins of Modern Literature
Modern literature in East Asia emerged from a rich history of cultural exchange among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean intellectuals, particularly felt during the 19th century when the region opened to global influences. The interconnectedness between these countries fostered shared literary concepts, challenging the notion of isolated national literatures. This creative process was marked by an attempt to synthesize traditional values with modern systems of thought in response to profound societal changes. The interaction among diverse literary traditions played a crucial role in shaping the distinct yet related paths of modern literature across East Asia.
The Influence of Liang Qichao
Liang Qichao was a pivotal figure in the development of modern literature in East Asia, often engaging in cross-cultural exchanges that influenced writers across the region. His experiences in Japan, where he translated works and adapted ideas, helped bridge literary gaps between nations. The political novels he worked on, particularly a translation of a Japanese novel, exemplify his method of using literature as a tool for political reform and cultural dialogue. By incorporating elements from various literary traditions, Liang Qichao's contributions laid the groundwork for discussions around modern identity and national consciousness.
Parody and Engagement with the Past
Chapter three examines how foundational writers such as Lu Xun, Mori Ogai, and Yi Kuan Su engaged with their literary pasts through the technique of parody, which allowed them to critique previous genres while forging new forms. Despite being viewed as revolutionary figures, their works reveal complex relationships with earlier literary traditions, demonstrating that they were not entirely severed from the past. This interplay of parody highlights how these authors navigated their cultural heritage while carving out distinct modern literary voices. Their engagements with classical texts reveal a continuity that challenges the perception of total rupture between traditional and modern literature.
Historical Fiction as a Reflection of Modern Literature
Historical fiction serves as a crucial genre in the exploration of modern literature in East Asia, allowing writers like Lu Xun, Mori Ogai, and Yi Kuan Su to address contemporary issues through the lens of history. Unlike European counterparts, East Asian historical novels often complicate readers' understanding of their national narratives, fostering confusion rather than clarity. This genre provides insight into how these writers grappled with their present's historical relationship to a rapidly transforming society. Consequently, historical fiction becomes a vital avenue for examining the broader implications of modernization and cultural identity in the region.
When East Asia opened itself to the world in the nineteenth century, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean intellectuals had shared notions of literature because of the centuries-long cultural exchanges in the region. As modernization profoundly destabilized cultural norms, they ventured to create new literature for the new era.
Satoru Hashimoto offers a novel way of understanding the origins of modern literature in a transregional context, drawing on Chinese-, Japanese-, and Korean-language texts in both classical and vernacular forms. He argues that modern literature came into being in East Asia through writerly attempts at reconstructing the present’s historical relationship to the past across the cultural transformations caused by modernization. Hashimoto examines writers’ anachronistic engagement with past cultures that were deemed obsolete or antithetical to new systems of values, showing that this transnational process was integral to the emergence of modern literature.
Satoru Hashimoto is assistant professor of comparative thought and literature at the Johns Hopkins University. He has published in English, Japanese, Chinese, and French on topics in comparative literature, aesthetics, and thought engaging East Asian and European traditions. He is on the editorial board of the Journal of World Literature.
Li-Ping Chen is a teaching fellow in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Southern California. Her research interests include literary translingualism, diaspora, and nativism in Sinophone, inter-Asian, and transpacific contexts.