Episode 50: Believers’ Baptism (Part 5): Considered Within Church History with James Renihan
Jul 18, 2022
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James Renihan, historian specializing in church history, discusses the historical perspective of baptism and challenges the claim that Baptists are out of step with church history. The episode explores the dominance of infant baptism, the historical shift to believers' baptism, essential books on the topic, and the cost of books and historical evidence supporting credobaptist position.
Infant baptism became predominant in the church due to the belief that it brings grace, especially in situations where children were near death.
Baptism underwent a change in understanding, becoming a sacrament that brings grace in the minds of some, leading to the development of infant baptism.
Deep dives
Development of Infant Baptism in Church History
The podcast explores the development of infant baptism in church history. It is revealed that infant baptism became predominant in the church due to the belief that baptism brings grace, especially in situations where children were near death. The postponement of baptism to the end of life and the practice of baptizing children who were dying resulted in the development of infant baptism. The podcast highlights various historical texts, including the Didache and writings from Gregory of Nazianzen, which acknowledge the existence of believers' baptism and the need for some level of understanding in recipients of baptism. The episode concludes that the evidence points towards infant baptism as a later development and highlights books such as 'Baptism in the Early Church' by Stander and Lowe, 'Infant Baptism in Historical Perspective' by Wright, and 'Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries' by Ferguson as helpful resources to further explore the topic.
Sasserdodal View of Baptism
The podcast discusses how baptism underwent a change in understanding, becoming a sacrament that brings grace in the minds of some, a view known as the sasserdodal view. This view led to the practice of postponing baptism until the end of life, so that forgiveness and cleansing could be received before death. The belief in the performative power of baptism, where grace is imparted through the action of a priest, contributed to the development of infant baptism. The podcast mentions texts such as the Didache and writings from Gregory of Nazianzen that exhibit elements of this view. It is emphasized that this understanding of baptism diverges from the reform pedo-baptist position, which rejects the idea that water itself brings grace.
Critical Evaluation and Historical Evidence
The episode addresses the claim by certain pedo-baptists that infant baptism has historical precedence. It highlights the work of historians such as Stander and Lowe, Wright, and Ferguson, who present strong evidence against the claim. Contrary to the assertion that infant baptism was the prevailing practice in the early church, evidence from early Christian writings and tombstone inscriptions indicates a minority report of believers' baptism, with infant baptism becoming more widespread in the later centuries. The podcast underscores the need for honest examination of historical evidence and recommends further reading to understand the theological and historical issues surrounding infant baptism.
Episode 50 of Theology In Particular is the fifth in a six-part series on the doctrine of baptism. In this episode, we consider baptism in the history of the church.
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