The explosion of artificial intelligence exposed many benefits and challenges for children interacting with AI, especially in educational and social contexts.

“The big question becomes whether children can benefit from those AI interactions in a way that is similar to how they benefit from interacting with other people,” says Ying Xu, an assistant professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. “So if we talk about learning first, my research, along with that of many others, show that children can actually learn effectively from AI, as long as the AI is designed with learning principles in mind.”

Xu studies the impact of AI on children’s development. She highlights that children can learn effectively from AI when it’s designed with proper learning principles. For instance, AI companions that ask questions during activities like reading can improve children's comprehension and vocabulary. However, Xu emphasizes that while AI can simulate some educational interactions, it cannot fully replicate the deeper engagement and relationship-building that come from human interaction, particularly when it comes to follow-up questions or personalized conversations that are important for language and social development.

“There is the excitement that AI has the potential for personalized learning and to help students develop skills for this AI-driven society. But like many of you, I share the same concerns about the outlook of this, what we call the "AI generation,’” she says. “There are so many questions, we don't have answers yet. When we talk about children's ability to actually find answers and learn on their own, and is using "hey" to command or activate AI makes kids forget about politeness. And perhaps the most worrisome to a lot of people is whether children would become more attached to AI than to the people around them.”

In this EdCast episode, Xu shares what we know so far about how AI impacts children’s development and the importance of AI literacy, where children are taught to understand the limitations and potential misinformation from AI, as well as the need for both developers and educators to promote critical evaluation of AI-generated content.

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