Rhiannon Stephens, "Poverty and Wealth in East Africa: A Conceptual History" (Duke UP, 2022)
Feb 22, 2025
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Rhiannon Stephens, a historian at Columbia University with expertise in pre-colonial and early colonial East Africa, dives into the dynamic conceptual history of wealth and poverty in eastern Uganda. She emphasizes that economic thought predates colonialism, reshaping our understanding of inequality. By using comparative historical linguistics, she uncovers the rich linguistic and social narratives surrounding poverty. Stephens explores how climate, gender roles, and societal interactions influenced local perceptions of wealth, revealing a nuanced socio-economic landscape.
Rhiannon Stephens argues for the importance of exploring pre-colonial history in East Africa to counter the misconception that African history begins with colonialism.
Her interdisciplinary approach reveals how climate fluctuations historically shaped definitions of wealth and poverty, highlighting the interconnectedness of social, environmental, and economic factors.
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The Evolution of Historical Research
Rhiannon Stevens emphasizes the significance of exploring pre-colonial history, particularly in East Africa, as a means to counter the prevailing notion that African history only begins with colonialism. Her research methodology includes a focus on the history of gender and the role of motherhood, which evolved into a broader examination of poverty as a concept. By revisiting her existing work through the lens of poverty, she was able to engage in a deeper analysis of historical contexts and social dynamics that shaped these concepts over time. This approach highlights the complexity and richness of African history beyond the colonial narrative.
Linguistic Diversity and Cultural Complexity
Stevens discusses the linguistic diversity in Eastern Uganda, characterized by numerous languages and cultural practices that reflect various forms of wealth and poverty. Her research reveals how different communities articulate concepts of poverty and wealth, emphasizing the fluidity of these definitions. The region, often seen as marginalized, instead showcases a rich tapestry of social structures that contradict stereotypes about rigid societal boundaries. By examining these nuanced understandings, Stevens illustrates the interconnections between economic practices and social relationships across diverse communities.
Adapting to Change: Climate and Historical Social Dynamics
The influence of climate on concepts of wealth and poverty is an important aspect of Stevens' research. She uncovers how fluctuations in climate impacted agricultural practices and social structures, shaping people's experiences and definitions of poverty over time. For instance, historical linguistic evidence reveals shifts in how communities articulated poverty, influenced by environmental changes and their corresponding adaptations. By integrating climate data into her study, Stevens demonstrates the interconnectedness of social, environmental, and economic factors in the historical context of Eastern Uganda.
In Poverty and Wealth in East Africa: A Conceptual History(Duke UP, 2022), Rhiannon Stephens offers a conceptual history of how people living in eastern Uganda have sustained and changed their ways of thinking about wealth and poverty over the past two thousand years. This history serves as a powerful reminder that colonialism and capitalism did not introduce economic thought to this region and demonstrates that even in contexts of relative material equality between households, people invested intellectual energy in creating new ways to talk about the poor and the rich. Stephens uses an interdisciplinary approach to write this history for societies without written records before the nineteenth century. She reconstructs the words people spoke in different eras using the methods of comparative historical linguistics, overlaid with evidence from archaeology, climate science, oral traditions, and ethnography. Demonstrating the dynamism of people's thinking about poverty and wealth in East Africa long before colonial conquest, Stephens challenges much of the received wisdom about the nature and existence of economic and social inequality in the region's deeper past.