Kathryn Taylor, "Ordering Customs: Ethnographic Thought in Early Modern Venice" (U Delaware Press, 2023)
Feb 18, 2025
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Kathryn Taylor, Assistant Professor of History at the University of Tennessee Chattanooga, delves into her book on early modern Venice. She discusses how Venetians navigated cultural differences amid global contact, utilizing ethnographic writing to influence state governance over minority populations. The conversation highlights the role of informal observations in shaping cultural understandings and reviews Venice's unique position as a diplomatic hub. Taylor also sheds light on the complexity of ethnographic thought within the social and political frameworks of the time.
The emergence of ethnographic writing in early modern Venice shaped governance and relations with minority populations through cultural understanding.
Venetian diplomats and scholars circulated ethnographic accounts widely, influencing public awareness of diverse customs and enhancing diplomatic and trade relations.
Deep dives
Ethnography in Early Modern Venice
Ethnography in early modern Venice refers to the practice of collecting information about different cultures and social organizations through empirical observation. Early modern Venetians, navigating a diverse and multicultural society, were keenly interested in understanding customs, which influenced their governance, trade, and social interactions. Accounts from various sources, including ambassadors and travel journals, reveal that Venetians sought to document and analyze the behaviors and customs of both local and foreign populations. This collection of ethnographic knowledge became crucial for making informed diplomatic decisions and managing religious minorities within the city.
The Role of Inquisition and Customary Practices
The Venetian Inquisition served as an important mechanism for investigating heresy, with Inquisitors relying on customs and practices to determine the religious identities of individuals. Rather than probing deeply into personal beliefs, they focused on observable behavior as a reflection of faith. Testimonies from ordinary Venetians highlighted the community's awareness of their neighbors’ customs, illustrating how ethnographic knowledge was systematically employed in judicial proceedings. The cases displayed a practical application of ethnography, as neighbors observed and reported signs of religious identity based on the customs that were visibly practiced in everyday life.
Circulation and Influence of Ethnographic Knowledge
Ethnographic accounts in Venice were not only created but also circulated widely, both through manuscript copies and in print. Venetian diplomats and scholars contributed to a rich network of travel literature that highlighted diverse customs, thereby fostering a growing interest in cultural differences across Europe. Despite laws prohibiting the circulation of certain documents, reports by ambassadors often traveled informally, reaching influential figures and shaping public understanding of global cultures. This exchange of ethnographic information significantly impacted diplomatic and trade relations, enabling early modern Europeans to navigate complex intercultural interactions better.
Ordering Customs: Ethnographic Thought in Early Modern Venice (University of Delaware Press, 2023) explores how Renaissance Venetians sought to make sense of human difference in a period characterized by increasing global contact and a rapid acceleration of the circulation of information. Venice was at the center of both these developments. The book traces the emergence of a distinctive tradition of ethnographic writing that served as the basis for defining religious and cultural difference in new ways.
Taylor draws on a trove of unpublished sources-diplomatic correspondence, court records, diaries, and inventories-to show that the study of customs, rituals, and ways of life not only became central in how Venetians sought to apprehend other peoples, but also had a very real impact at the level of policy, shaping how the Venetian state governed minority populations in the city and its empire. In contrast with the familiar image of ethnography as the product of overseas imperial and missionary encounters, the book points to a more complicated set of origins.