Oana Serban, "After Thomas Kuhn: The Structure of Aesthetic Revolutions" (de Gruyter, 2022)
Jan 12, 2023
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Oana Serban, a philosophy lecturer at the University of Bucharest and author of "After Thomas Kuhn: The Structure of Aesthetic Revolutions," dives into the intersection of art and ideology. She explores how Thomas Kuhn’s ideas reshaped our understanding of aesthetic progress and artistic revolutions. The discussion highlights the political influences on art, from Renaissance artists like Caravaggio to contemporary practices, while addressing the notion of aesthetic validity and the deep ties between art, culture, and societal issues.
Oana Serban argues that aesthetic revolutions mirror scientific paradigms, evolving in response to ideological and political contexts affecting artistic expression.
By introducing aesthetic validity, Serban emphasizes the necessity for art to reflect societal issues, stressing the intertwining of aesthetics and political narratives.
Deep dives
The Concept of Aesthetic Revolutions
The podcast delves into Oana Sherban's exploration of aesthetic revolutions through the lens of Thomas Kuhn's scientific philosophy. Sherban argues that aesthetic change parallels scientific progress, suggesting that just as scientific paradigms shift in response to unresolved anomalies, artistic paradigms also evolve based on ideological and societal demands. She emphasizes that dominant aesthetic paradigms—or styles—are influenced by political factors and cultural questions, such as humanity's relationship with divinity. By introducing the notion of aesthetic validity, Sherban provides a framework to assess how long an aesthetic paradigm remains relevant depending on its ability to address contemporary societal issues.
Transgression in Art: A Deeper Analysis
Sherban discusses the notion of transgressions in art, which serve as markers of change within artistic paradigms. She categorizes transgressions into formal alterations, moral standards, and political engagement, indicating how each reflects broader societal shifts. Notably, she critiques the oversimplified association between artistic innovation and revolutionary change, arguing that true revolutions in art require more than superficial stylistic shifts; they demand a response to ideological frameworks. This nuanced understanding redefines how one might evaluate artists and movements, underscoring that the significance of revolutionary styles is deeply intertwined with the ideological questions they seek to address.
The Interplay of Art, Aesthetics, and Politics
Sherban highlights the intricate relationship between art, aesthetics, and politics, proposing that aesthetic validity is inherently political. She suggests that art should be viewed as a response to societal problems, with its relevance hinging on how effectively it integrates political and cultural narratives. This dynamic means that aesthetic paradigms must continually evolve to remain valid within changing political contexts. She showcases historical movements like Dada and Surrealism, demonstrating how their relevance was contingent upon specific political and social climates, thereby emphasizing the need for art to reflect and engage with the ideological currents of its time.
Contemporary Art: Challenges and Reflections
In addressing contemporary art, Sherban observes a shift towards democratic engagement and the complex role of conceptual frameworks. She notes that while contemporary artists often strive for shock value or challenge societal norms, the emphasis on political correctness complicates the dialogue about art's purpose and beauty. The conversation suggests that today's artists may need to reengage with aesthetic ideals that have been overlooked in favor of transgression. By reconsidering the relationship between aesthetics and artistic expression, Sherban advocates for a renewed focus on the capacity of art to represent beauty and progress in society.
Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions revolutionized the way philosophers and historians of science thought about science, scientific progress, and the nature of scientific knowledge. But Kuhn himself also considered later on how his framework might apply to art. In After Thomas Kuhn: The Structure of Aesthetic Revolutions (De Gruyter, 2022), Oana Serban elaborates on the suggestions and proposals of Kuhn and others to develop a new view of aesthetic and artistic progress and change based in Kuhn’s work. Serban, who is a lecturer in philosophy at the University of Bucharest, adds the key concept of aesthetic validity to the Kuhnian analysis as central to the concept of an aesthetic revolution. The dominance of a particular aesthetic paradigm depends on broadly political factors and are responses to particular ideological questions, such as “What is the relation between humans and God?” Artistic revolutions, in contrast, are stylistic expressions of these ideological frames, such that the norms, values, and styles in art can be transgressive without being Kuhnian revolutions.
Carrie Figdor is professor of philosophy at the University of Iowa.