Today, a quick rewind into what it means to be a Mongol, some early reactions to the Mongol invasion, some King Louis IX, the death of a khan, and the question of who is to be next. Also, I horribly butcher Eljigidei's name (Sorry, Eljigidei). Thanks for listening!

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Sources:

* Carpini, Giovanni. The Story of the Mongols: Whom we Call the Tartars, translated by Erik Hildinger. Branden Books, 1996.

* Joinville, Jean. The Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville. John Murray, 1906.

* Paris, Matthew. English History. From the Year 1235 to 1273, translated by J. A. Giles. George Bell & Sons, 1889.

* The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck, translated by Peter Jackson. The Hakluyt Society, 1990.

* The Mongol Mission: Narratives and Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries, edited by Christopher Dawson. Sheed & Ward, 1955.

* The Secret History of the Mongols, translated by Urgunge Onon. RoutledgeCurzon, 2001.

* Jackson, Peter. The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410. Pearson Longman, 2005.

* Jackson, Peter. "Medieval Christendom's Encounter with the Alien." In Travellers, Intellectuals, and the World Beyond Medieval Europe, edited by James Muldoon, 347-369. Routledge, 2016.

* Man, John. Kublai Khan. Bantam, 2007.

* Morgan, David. The Mongols. Blackwell, 1986.

* Rachewiltz, Igor de. Papal Envoys to the Great Khans. Faber & Faber, 1971.

* Waterfield, Robin. Christians in Persia. Allen & Unwin, 1973.

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Episode 14: IAS 12, Deferred Tax