Sweden’s Northvolt Quest to Build the World’s Greenest EV Batteries
Dec 20, 2023
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Harvard Business School professor George Serafeim discusses the case of Northvolt, a Sweden-based startup company producing batteries for Europe's EV auto manufacturers. They explore government partnerships, hiring the right people, financing, the importance of batteries in the transition to EVs, net zero and climate change drivers, the problem of the commons and climate change, and Northvolt's strategy and goals.
Northvolt strategically locates its gigafactory in Sweden to leverage low-cost, low-carbon energy and differentiate itself as a greener battery solution.
The Northvolt case emphasizes the importance of timing, location, credibility, and alignment between people, resources, and market demand for entrepreneurial success.
Deep dives
The Exciting Potential of Northvolt: Building Batteries to Fight Climate Change
Northvolt, a Sweden-based startup, aims to create a sustainable value chain for European car manufacturers transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs). With no product sold, the company has already secured $55 billion in revenues, raised $8 billion in funding, and recruited thousands of employees. The success lies in securing customer off-take agreements, attracting investors, and building government partnerships. Northvolt strategically locates its gigafactory in Sweden to leverage low-cost, low-carbon energy and differentiate itself as a greener battery solution. They also focus on vertical integration, circular economy principles, and scaling production to meet the increasing demand for EV batteries. The company's success depends on cost competitiveness and reducing carbon emissions in the manufacturing and usage of the batteries.
The Importance of Strategic Choices and Credibility for Northvolt
Northvolt's co-founders bring expertise and credibility from their previous work at Tesla, and they strategically build an ecosystem in Sweden, a high-trust cooperative market economy. They secure customer commitments, raise initial financing, and attract investors by demonstrating feasibility and de-risking their lithium-ion battery technology. The company's backward vertical integration helps secure raw materials and enables a circular economy approach, reducing reliance on rare minerals and decreasing carbon emissions. Success depends on stable government policies, access to low-carbon energy, and the development of EV infrastructure. The Northvolt case emphasizes the importance of timing, location, credibility, and alignment between people, resources, and market demand for entrepreneurial success.
The Path to a Sustainable Future: EVs, Net Zero, and the Problem of the Commons
Electric vehicles (EVs) can significantly reduce carbon emissions, provided they are manufactured using low-carbon energy and driven in regions with low-carbon electricity sources. The transition to sustainable transportation faces challenges in terms of reducing carbon intensity in manufacturing and ensuring access to low-carbon energy. Achieving net zero carbon emissions by mid-century requires a global coordination effort and the development of negative emission technologies. The EU has been proactive in reducing carbon emissions through initiatives like the European Union carbon market. Collectively addressing climate change is a challenge due to the problem of the commons, the absence of well-defined property rights, and the need for global cooperation. However, successful examples like the Montreal Protocol offer hope for solving global challenges collectively.
This bonus episode of Climate Rising features an episode of Harvard Business Review’s Cold Cast podcast with Brian Kenny interviewing HBS professor George Serafeim about his case on Northvolt, a Sweden-based start-up company producing batteries for Europe’s EV auto manufacturers. They'll discuss Northvolt’s efforts to build government partnerships, hire the right people, and attract financing in order to scale rapidly.
Guest/Host:
Brian Kenny, Chief Marketing and Communications Officer, Harvard Business School and host of Cold Call
George Serafeim, Charles M. Williams Professor of Business Administration, Harvard Business School