Amrita Narayanan, "Women's Sexuality and Modern India: In a Rapture of Distress" (Oxford UP, 2022)
Jan 18, 2025
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In this engaging discussion, Amrita Narayanan, a practicing Clinical Psychologist and author, delves into the complexities of women's sexuality in modern India. She critiques the absence of a sexual revolution and emphasizes the need to recognize female agency alongside their struggles. Narayanan addresses the emotional landscape of grief and empowerment in women's sexual experiences, stressing the importance of mourning lost freedoms. She also explores the nuanced father-daughter dynamics during puberty, highlighting their influence on women's self-acceptance and identity.
The lack of a sexual revolution in India has led to unspoken narratives around middle-class women's sexuality, highlighting the need for greater acknowledgement of their sexual agency.
The complex relationship between fathers and daughters plays a crucial role in developing women's sexual identities, where active paternal involvement can significantly enhance their autonomy and self-expression.
Deep dives
Understanding Women's Sexuality in Modern India
The discussion highlights the absence of a sexual revolution in India, which has impacted the articulation of middle-class women's sexuality. It emphasizes that many Indian women's sexual narratives remained unspoken until recent explorations of their experiences. The speaker presents their book as a continuation of this conversation, utilizing twelve women's self-narrated sexual histories that reveal the challenges of sexual subjectivity under a patriarchal framework. This context, shaped by significant historical events such as Indian independence and economic liberalization, plays a crucial role in understanding how women's sexuality has been socially constructed and controlled.
The Counterproductive Nature of Sympathy
The concept of sympathy is examined as a potential hindrance to women's sexual agency, wherein sympathy can inadvertently reinforce a suffering identity rather than support empowerment. The speaker argues that when women's sexual traumas are emphasized without addressing their agency, it perpetuates the societal taboos surrounding feminine sexuality and reinforces patriarchal control over women's bodies. This dynamic can lead to a cycle where women find comfort in the sympathy of suffering at the expense of developing their sexual identities and desires. The discussion encourages a shift towards recognizing and realizing women's agency as a necessary counterbalance to experiences of suffering.
The Complexity of Women's Sexual Experiences
The speaker reflects on how societal pressures complicate women's sexual agency, where women often embody a 'double consciousness' regarding their identities and desires. Examples are presented to illustrate how women's self-presentation and behavior in public spaces are profoundly influenced by societal expectations and fears of patriarchal judgment. This dissonance between personal desire and societal norms complicates women's navigation of their sexuality, often leading to feelings of shame and internal conflict. The discussion highlights the importance of understanding these nuances to foster genuine experiences of pleasure and agency.
The Role of Fathers in Shaping Sexual Agency
The relationship between fathers and daughters is explored, noting that a father's withdrawal during a daughter's puberty can create significant developmental disruptions. This withdrawal contributes to a dependence on male validation and a potential lack of agency in their sexual identities. The discussion posits that a nurturing father-daughter relationship is critical for developing healthy aggression and autonomy in women, contrasting the traditional roles that often limit this bond. Increased involvement of fathers in contemporary parenting practices is recognized as a positive shift, yet the need for emotional and physical presence remains crucial in supporting daughters' sexual development.
Amrita Narayanan is a practicing Clinical Psychologist (Psy.D. 2007) and Psychoanalyst (Indian Psychoanalytic Society, 2019). She is the author of Women's Sexuality and Modern India: In a Rapture of Distress (Oxford University Press, 2023). She was the Editor of and essayist in The Parrots of Desire: 3000 years of Erotica in India (Aleph Books, 2018) a collection of poems, short prose and fiction in translation from Indian languages, linked by an introductory essay on the central themes in Indian erotic literature. She was an essayist for Pha(bu)llus: a cultural history of the Phallus (Harper Collins, 2020). Amrita is currently visiting faculty at Ashoka University where she teaches classes at the undergraduate and masters level.
Amrita's research interests are in cultural factors in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, the psychodynamics of women's sexual agency, and how cultural factors shape the aesthetics of women's sexual agency. Her writing has appeared in academic journals such as Psychodynamic Practice and Psychoanalytic Review; newspapers such as The Hindu and The Indian Express; and popular press periodicals such as Outlook, Open Magazine India Today and The Deccan Herald. Amrita has received the Sudhir Kakar Prize for psychoanalytic writing, the Taylor and Francis Prize for Psychoanalytic writing, and the Homi Bhabha Fellowship.
The interviewer is Psychoanalyst and Writer, Ashis Roy, New Delhi.