The Underground Battle for Colombia's Richest Gold Mine
Jan 2, 2025
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In this engaging discussion, Juan Forero, a WSJ reporter specializing in conflict and resource exploitation, sheds light on the escalating violence at Zijin Mining Group's gold mine in Colombia. He reveals how the Gulf Clan, a notorious drug-trafficking militia, has seized tunnels, costing the company around $200 million in lost gold. Forero outlines the intricate battle between organized crime and legitimate business, highlighting the turmoil miners face and the complexities of government response in a region steeped in both wealth and conflict.
The Gulf Clan has seized control of two-thirds of Colombia's richest gold mine, significantly impacting Zijin Mining Group's operations and finances.
The Colombian government's ineffective response and emphasis on dialogue over confrontation has failed to alleviate the illegal mining crisis in Buritica.
Deep dives
The Conflict Over Gold in Buritica
Buritica, a small town in the Andes, is at the center of a fierce battle for gold, primarily involving the Zijin Mining Group, a Chinese state-controlled company, and the Gulf Clan, Colombia's most powerful drug trafficking organization. The Zijin mine, recognized as the richest in Colombia, has faced significant incursions from rival miners, leading to violent confrontations. These miners, aided by the Gulf Clan, have successfully occupied two-thirds of the mine, stealing gold worth approximately $200 million in 2023 alone. The underground conflict has become likened to trench warfare, highlighting the extreme measures both sides employ in their fight over resources beneath the surface of the mountains in Buritica.
The Role of the Gulf Clan in Mining Operations
The Gulf Clan plays a pivotal role in facilitating illegal mining activities in Buritica, where it partners with local miners to invade Zijin's operations. This powerful organization not only provides logistical support and heavy equipment but also ensures that miners have essential provisions for extended time underground. As gold prices have soared to around $2,600 per ounce, the Gulf Clan has expanded its influence and control over the region, turning illegal gold mining into a lucrative venture. The risks of confrontation with Zijin's security forces are high, and miners like Eric Dubier face daily dangers while extracting gold amidst violent clashes.
Government Response and Future Prospects
The Colombian government's response to the conflict surrounding Zijin's mine has been criticized for being ineffective, as the current administration prefers dialogue over direct confrontation with organized crime groups like the Gulf Clan. While Zijin has sought governmental support and even filed a lawsuit against Colombia for insufficient protection, the government has suggested that addressing the root economic issues is essential to curbing illegal mining. Plans have been discussed to help illegal miners transition to legal operations, yet actual implementation has been slow and limited. The path forward remains uncertain, as many miners still feel unsupported and urge for their operations to be recognized and legalized.
Gunmen of the Gulf Clan, a drug-trafficking militia in Colombia, are seizing tunnels inside one of the largest gold motherlodes in Latin America. The mine belongs to Zijin Mining Group, a Chinese company, which says it has surrendered nearly two-thirds of its tunnels and lost an estimated $200 million worth of gold in 2023. WSJ's Juan Forero reports.
This episode has been updated to include comment from the Gulf Clan.