David Wearing, Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sussex, discusses Britain's consistent support for Israel from Balfour to Braverman. Topics include economic interests, the influence of the Israel lobby, the perception of Israel as an outpost of Western Empire, similarities between apartheid in South Africa and Israel, and the power of the Israel lobby in undermining civil society movements.
Britain's long-standing support for Israel is driven by its geostrategic interests in the Middle East, including its control over maritime routes and access to oil resources.
Britain's relationship with Israel shifted over time due to changing geopolitical dynamics, but Israel's military success and role in containing Arab nationalism solidified its value as an ally for Britain and the West.
Israel's relationship with Western powers is characterized by an asymmetrical interdependence, with the West benefitting from having a reliable ally in a strategically important region while Israel relies on support to maintain its military strength.
Deep dives
The historical support of Britain for Israel
Britain has consistently supported Israel, from the Balfour Declaration in 1917 to present day. This support is driven by Britain's geostrategic interests in the Middle East. Palestine's location between Britain and India, along with its proximity to key maritime routes, made it strategically important for the British Empire. Additionally, the discovery of oil in the Middle East further heightened the strategic significance of the region. Britain's support for Israel was also motivated by the desire to cultivate local allies who would help maintain control and influence in the area, following a divide and rule strategy. This historical context helps to explain Britain's long-standing support for Israel.
Britain's changing stance towards Israel in the mid-20th century
In the mid-20th century, Britain's relationship with Israel shifted due to changing geopolitical dynamics. The end of World War II and the decline of the British Empire weakened Britain's position in the Middle East. The growing influence of Arab nationalism and the desire for independence in the region posed challenges to British control. As a result, Britain started to adopt a more measured approach towards Israel and sought to balance its alliances in the region. However, Israel's military success in the 1967 war and its role in containing Arab nationalism further solidified its value as an ally for Britain and the West.
The asymmetrical interdependence between Israel and the West
Israel's relationship with Western powers is characterized by an asymmetrical interdependence. While Israel relies on support from the West, particularly the United States, to maintain its military strength and strategic position in the region, Western powers benefit from having a reliable ally in a geopolitically significant area. The pro-Israel lobby, while influential, does not solely determine the Western support for Israel. It aligns with the dominant ideology and narratives of Western countries, which often portray Israel as an outpost of Western civilization and a bulwark against perceived threats in the Middle East. However, this asymmetrical interdependence does not absolve Israel from criticism for its policies, such as settlements and human rights abuses.
A comparison between Israel and apartheid-era South Africa
While there are similarities in terms of the strategic role played by Israel and apartheid-era South Africa as Western allies in the face of perceived threats, there are also significant differences. One key difference is the historical and moral legitimacy attributed to the creation of Israel as a response to the Holocaust and persecution of Jewish people. In contrast, apartheid South Africa had no such moral justification. Additionally, the pro-Israel lobby has been more successful in maintaining support for Israel within progressive circles and dividing civil society movements compared to the anti-apartheid movement. However, the power of the Israel lobby should not overshadow the broader geopolitical calculations and dominant ideological narratives that shape Western support for Israel.
Challenges to the pro-Palestinian movement
The pro-Palestinian movement faces challenges from various factors, including the pro-Israel lobby's PR efforts, accusations of anti-Semitism, and the alignment with dominant Western narratives. However, the progressive civil society opposition to Israel's policies, similar to the anti-apartheid movement against South Africa, presents an important counterforce. The goal for pro-Palestinian activists is to change the equation by influencing policymakers and challenging the dominant ideology that views Israel as an outpost of Western civilization. While the influence of the pro-Israel lobby cannot be disregarded, understanding the broader context of geopolitical interests and dominant ideologies is crucial.
From Balfour to Braverman, Britain has consistently backed Israel in its war on Palestine. To discuss why, I was joined by David Wearing Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sussex.
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