467: Surviving Migration in the Age of Technology (w/Petra Molnar)
Sep 2, 2024
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Petra Molnar, a lawyer, anthropologist, and author, shares her insights from her new book on the intersections of migration and technology. She discusses the asylum process and the emerging term 'crimmigration,' unpacking how AI shapes immigration decisions. Petra emphasizes ethical concerns about surveillance technologies at borders and the psychological toll on migrants. The impact of COVID-19 on migration patterns and narratives highlights the complexities of human rights in a technologically driven world.
The podcast emphasizes that immigration should be approached as a civil matter, challenging the criminalization that undermines human rights.
It highlights the alarming influence of technology in border enforcement, where profit motives often overshadow ethical considerations and individual rights.
Deep dives
Understanding Immigration as a Civil Issue
Immigration should primarily be seen as a civil matter rather than a criminal one. Many jurisdictions, such as the United States and Canada, operate under a framework where individuals seeking asylum are often presumed guilty or fraudulent unless proven otherwise. This contrasts sharply with criminal law systems that uphold the principle of 'innocent until proven guilty.' Unfortunately, this criminalization of migration exacerbates existing power imbalances and undermines the fundamental human rights of individuals seeking refuge.
Pushbacks and Border Violence
Pushbacks, also referred to as forcible interdictions, represent alarming practices whereby individuals are stopped and sent back from their intended destination before they can seek asylum. These actions violate the principle of non-refoulement, which protects individuals from being returned to places where they may face persecution. Such practices have been widely documented along EU borders and in locations like the Mediterranean Sea, leading to loss of life and suffering. Despite existing laws meant to protect asylum seekers, these rights are often ignored, creating a cycle of injustice.
The Impact of Technology on Asylum Seekers
Technology increasingly influences the asylum process at every stage, from social media data scraping to biometric surveillance at borders. Tools like AI lie detectors and biometric scans are becoming common in immigration settings, often without sufficient oversight or transparency. This rise in tech usage raises concerns around biases in algorithmic decision-making and the potential violation of individual rights, as these systems often operate behind closed doors with little public accountability. The rapid integration of such technology into immigration processes reveals a troubling trend where profit motives may overshadow human rights.
The Role of Private Sector in Border Enforcement
The private sector plays a significant role in developing technologies used in border enforcement, contributing to what has been termed the 'border industrial complex.' Various companies profit from creating technologies like biometrics and surveillance drones, prioritizing market gains over ethical considerations or human rights. This commercialization of border enforcement raises critical questions regarding whose interests are being served, with marginalized communities often bearing the brunt of these innovations. The consequences of hastily deployed technology demand careful scrutiny and a reconsideration of the ethical implications involved.