ID:IOTS - Infectious Disease Insight Of Two Specialists 9. Explaining the Enterococci
Oct 6, 2021
Dive into the fascinating world of Enterococci, a group of gram-positive bacteria with complex clinical challenges. Learn about their unique characteristics, evolutionary history, and the dangers they pose in infections like urinary tract issues and endocarditis. Discover the nuances of enterococcal bacteremia, especially in vulnerable populations. The conversation also covers critical antibiotic resistance issues, including vancomycin resistance, shedding light on the hurdles healthcare professionals face in treating these infections.
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Enterococci Are Distinct From Streptococci
- Enterococci are gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci often in short chains and usually non-hemolytic on agar.
- Genetic testing separated them from streptococci into their own family despite historical Group D classification.
Alkaline Tolerance Explains Gut And Biliary Niche
- Enterococci are ancient gut commensals found across vertebrates and many invertebrates and tolerate alkaline environments.
- This alkaline resistance helps them colonize the biliary tract and upper GI niches.
Indolent But Capable Of Serious Disease
- Enterococci are generally indolent but can cause UTIs, SBP, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, meningitis and device-related infections.
- Clinicians usually treat enterococcal bacteremia because it can progress to serious complications like endocarditis.